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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of short-term descent in healthy residents at moderate altitude (>1000 m.a.s.l.).
Polysomnographies will be done for each participant for 2 consecutive nights at the sleep laboratory in Chur (CH; 590 m.a.s.l.) as well as for 2 consecutive nights at the participants home elevations (CH; >1000 m.a.s.l.). Between the measurements at those two different altitudes there will be a two-week washout period at >1000 m.a.s.l.. The sequence of altitude exposure will be randomized.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Experimental | Polysomnographies will be done first for 2 nights at the sleep laboratory in Chur (590 m.a.s.l.) and after a two-week washout period for 2 nights at the participants home elevations (>1000 m.a.s.l.). |
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| B | Experimental | Polysomnographies will be done first for 2 nights at the participants home elevations (>1000 m.a.s.l.). and after a two-week washout period for 2 nights at sleep laboratory in Chur (590 m.a.s.l.). |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descent to low altitude | Diagnostic Test | The polysomnographic recordings include electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG), electrocardiogram (ECG), pulse oximetry, transcutaneous capnography, nasal airflow and thoracic and abdominal respiratory effort. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| T90 (time spent in SpO2 below 90%) | T90 is the percent of sleeping time which the participant spent in SpO2 below 90%. It provides information about the duration and degree of hypoxia during the whole sleep. | 4 nights |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| SpO2 (oxygen saturation) | SpO2 is the amount of haemoglobin bound to oxygen. Normal values lie above 95%. Values below 90% are considered as low and require treatment. | 4 nights |
| AHI (apnea-hypopnea index) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Tsogyal Latshang, PD Dr. med. | Kantonsspital Graubünden | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kantonsspital Graubünden | Chur | Switzerland |
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AHI is defined as the number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep, whereby apnea is defined as a cessation of the airflow for ≥10 seconds, while hypopnea is defined as a reduction of the airflow ≥30% with an oxygen desaturation ≥3% or an arousal.
| 4 nights |
| SWS (slow-wave sleep) | SWS includes the deep sleep phase. Deep sleep is amongst other important for energy restoration, immune system strengthening and regeneration of cells. | 4 nights |
| AI (arousal index) | AI is the number of arousals per hour of sleep, whereby an arousal is an interruption of sleep from 3-15 seconds. They prevent suffocation in the sleep apnea by interrupting breathing pauses but are also coupled with a lot of stress for the human body. | 4 nights |
| TcCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) | TcCO2 correlates with PaCO2 and is therefore a non-invasive alternative. A normal value of PCO2 lies between 35 and 45 mmHg. Lower values can lead to muscle cramps, abnormal heartbeat and much more. | 4 nights |
| WASO (wakefulness after sleep onset) | WASO is the time spent awake after sleep onset. High values of WASO are for example found in sleep apnea, insomnia and restless leg syndrome. | 4 nights |
| ODI (oxygen desaturation index) | ODI is defined as the number of oxygen decreases ≥3% per hour of sleep. | 4 nights |