Influence of Anesthesia Methods on CTCs in TURBT Patients

Influence of General Anesthesia Versus Spinal Anesthesia on Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor

Multiple lines of evidence have shown that anesthesia method is associated with long-term outcomes in patients undergoing surgery due to cancers, including lung, breast, prostate, and bladder cancer, etc. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been validated as prognostic biomarkers of a number of cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of anesthesia methods on the number of CTCs in patients receiving transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). The difference of anesthesia method is achieved by using general anesthesia in one group and spinal anesthesia in the other group.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. .≤18 Age ≤85，ASAI-III.
2. .Patients with primary bladder cancer of Stage T1 to T4, who are scheduled for transurethral resection of bladder tumor.
3. .Written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of surgery within 6 months.
2. Contraindications for spinal anesthesia.
3. With a history of any other malignancy.
4. Having received preoperative neoadjuvant therapy.
5. History of long-term opioid use.
6. Combined with autoimmune diseases or having a history of prolonged hormone use or immunosuppressant use within 1 year.
7. Combined with impaired liver function (Child - Pugh C) or renal insufficiency (serum creatinine level over 442μmol•L-1).
8. Known hypersensitivity or suspected allergy to intervention drugs.
9. Proposed postoperative admission to ICU.