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The aim of this methodological study is to adapt the Fugl-Meyer assessment to Turkish culture and to test its validity and reliability in acute phase stroke patients.
According to the definition of the World Health Organization, stroke is a clinical syndrome that causes rapid focal (or global) cerebral function loss for no apparent reason other than vascular causes, and symptoms persist for more than 24 hours or lead to death.
To effectively manage the post-stroke processes and establish an effective treatment plan, a comprehensive assessment is necessary. One of the most common motor problems following a stroke is hemiplegia, which makes it challenging for the patient to perform activities of daily living and ambulation. Understanding the mechanisms of motor control and motor learning, which are vital components of stroke rehabilitation, necessitates the assessment of motor function. For evaluating motor function in stroke patients, there are numerous outcome measures available. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) stands out when comparison of these assessments in terms of clinical and psychometric values. There is no official FMA version that has been translated into Turkish, even though Fugl-Meyer assessment is used in numerous research in Turkey. The aim of this study is to adapt the Fugl-Meyer assessment to Turkish culture and to test its validity and reliability in acute stroke patients.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Fugl-Meyer Assessment (Upper and Lower Extremity Form) | a 3 point ordinal scale that evaluates sensorimotor function, coordination, pROM and pain | 45 minutes |
| Barthel Index | a scale used to assess functional independence. Points ranging from 0 to 100. | 5 minutes |
| Modified Rankin Scale | a 6 point disability scale with possible scores ranging from 0 to 5 | 5 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Berg Balance Scale | a scale to measure balance in older adults with scores ranging from 0 to 56 | 10 minutes |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Stroke patients who were hospitalized in Istinye University Liv Hospital Brain Angiography Stroke Center between May 2023 to December 2023.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Lide Z Uz, 1 | Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| İstinye University Liv Hospital Stroke Center | Istanbul | Esenyurt | 34517 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21566236 | Background | Baker K, Cano SJ, Playford ED. Outcome measurement in stroke: a scale selection strategy. Stroke. 2011 Jun;42(6):1787-94. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.608505. Epub 2011 May 12. | |
| 11124735 | Background | Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Dec 15;25(24):3186-91. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014. No abstract available. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Official Fugl-Meyer Assessment Website | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020521 | Stroke |
| D006429 | Hemiplegia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| 26515205 | Background | Bushnell C, Bettger JP, Cockroft KM, Cramer SC, Edelen MO, Hanley D, Katzan IL, Mattke S, Nilsen DM, Piquado T, Skidmore ER, Wing K, Yenokyan G. Chronic Stroke Outcome Measures for Motor Function Intervention Trials: Expert Panel Recommendations. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2015 Oct;8(6 Suppl 3):S163-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.115.002098. |
| 3969398 | Background | Carr JH, Shepherd RB, Nordholm L, Lynne D. Investigation of a new motor assessment scale for stroke patients. Phys Ther. 1985 Feb;65(2):175-80. doi: 10.1093/ptj/65.2.175. |
| 16980142 | Background | de Vet HC, Terwee CB, Knol DL, Bouter LM. When to use agreement versus reliability measures. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006 Oct;59(10):1033-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.10.015. Epub 2006 Aug 10. |
| 2947907 | Background | Deyo RA, Centor RM. Assessing the responsiveness of functional scales to clinical change: an analogy to diagnostic test performance. J Chronic Dis. 1986;39(11):897-906. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(86)90038-x. |
| 6622535 | Background | Duncan PW, Propst M, Nelson SG. Reliability of the Fugl-Meyer assessment of sensorimotor recovery following cerebrovascular accident. Phys Ther. 1983 Oct;63(10):1606-10. doi: 10.1093/ptj/63.10.1606. |
| 1135616 | Background | Fugl-Meyer AR, Jaasko L, Leyman I, Olsson S, Steglind S. The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. 1. a method for evaluation of physical performance. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1975;7(1):13-31. |
| 12234086 | Background | Gladstone DJ, Danells CJ, Black SE. The fugl-meyer assessment of motor recovery after stroke: a critical review of its measurement properties. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2002 Sep;16(3):232-40. doi: 10.1177/154596802401105171. |
| 7979930 | Background | Malouin F, Pichard L, Bonneau C, Durand A, Corriveau D. Evaluating motor recovery early after stroke: comparison of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and the Motor Assessment Scale. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994 Nov;75(11):1206-12. doi: 10.1016/0003-9993(94)90006-x. |
| 10381238 | Background | Mayo NE, Wood-Dauphinee S, Ahmed S, Gordon C, Higgins J, McEwen S, Salbach N. Disablement following stroke. Disabil Rehabil. 1999 May-Jun;21(5-6):258-68. doi: 10.1080/096382899297684. |
| 25880033 | Background | Alt Murphy M, Resteghini C, Feys P, Lamers I. An overview of systematic reviews on upper extremity outcome measures after stroke. BMC Neurol. 2015 Mar 11;15:29. doi: 10.1186/s12883-015-0292-6. |
| 15824050 | Background | Salter K, Jutai JW, Teasell R, Foley NC, Bitensky J. Issues for selection of outcome measures in stroke rehabilitation: ICF Body Functions. Disabil Rehabil. 2005 Feb 18;27(4):191-207. doi: 10.1080/09638280400008537. |
| 23774125 | Background | See J, Dodakian L, Chou C, Chan V, McKenzie A, Reinkensmeyer DJ, Cramer SC. A standardized approach to the Fugl-Meyer assessment and its implications for clinical trials. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2013 Oct;27(8):732-41. doi: 10.1177/1545968313491000. Epub 2013 Jun 17. |
| 17161752 | Background | Terwee CB, Bot SD, de Boer MR, van der Windt DA, Knol DL, Dekker J, Bouter LM, de Vet HC. Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007 Jan;60(1):34-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012. Epub 2006 Aug 24. |
| 3335877 | Background | The World Health Organization MONICA Project (monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease): a major international collaboration. WHO MONICA Project Principal Investigators. J Clin Epidemiol. 1988;41(2):105-14. doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(88)90084-4. |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D010243 | Paralysis |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |