Genitourinary medical oncologists and study coordinators will identify patients with genitourinary cancers (i.e., bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and testicular cancer) who will receive moderate to high emetogenic chemotherapy regimen.

Patients will collect stool for microbiome analysis at baseline (i.e., 3 +2 days prior to chemotherapy) and again 5-7 days following initiation of chemotherapy.

Blood samples will be collected prior to their first chemotherapy treatment, and in the second week after chemotherapy.

Evaluate the feasibility of patient recruitment by using descriptive statistics to determine number of patients approached and number of patients enrolled.

Evaluate the feasibility of patient retention by using descriptive statistics to determine number of patients who completed the questionnaires at both assessments.

Evaluate the feasibility of patient specimen collection by using descriptive statistics to determine number patients who provided stool samples at both assessments.

Evaluate for changes in alpha and beta diversity as well as composition of the gut microbiome pre- and post-chemotherapy in patients who do and do not report chemotherapy-induced nausea (CIN) after chemotherapy. Region V3-V5 of the 16s rRNA gene will be targeted for sequencing and submitted to trimmomatic for reads trimming and quality control.

Examine associations between microbial composition functional profiles pre- and post-chemotherapy in patients who report chemotherapy-induced nausea (CIN) after chemotherapy. Change in relative abundance of genus associated with CIN occurrence will be used to predict the function of the genus. We will use PiCrust to perform functional profiling.