In Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and treated with renal replacement therapy (RRT) often present a fluid overload which is associated with morbidity (mechanical ventilation duration increase, kidney recovery decrease) and mortality.

Patients' prognostic could be improved by correcting the fluid overload with net ultrafiltration (UFnet) however it may lead to harmful iatrogenic hypovolemia responsible of deleterious ischemic lesions.

In usual practice, UF net prescription are variable and there are different international recommendations. Some observational studies suggest that using a UFnet between 1 et 1.75 mL/kg/h in fluid overloaded patient decrease mortality.

Fluid overload increases morbidity and mortality, particularly in RRT. Studies without RRT argue for an efficacy of management by decreasing the fluid overload .Cohort studies suggest to use a moderate UFnet instead of a low UFnet. Some data from studies on early versus late RRT that relate the fluid balance or correct the fluid overload during the early strategy argue for a beneficial effect of an early deresuscitation strategy

Consequently, the impact of a moderate UFnet (to decrease the fluid overload) compared to a low UFnet (to stabilize the fluid overload) in a randomized interventional study could be assessed.

The study hypothesis is that :

an early fluid overload deresuscitation protocol with a high UFnet (2 ml/kg/h) targeting both the negativation of cumulated fluid balance to reach a dry weight and the maintenance of tissue perfusion.

Compared to

fluid overload deresuscitation protocol with a low UFnet (between 0 and 1 ml/kg/h) to reach a stabilization of cumulated fluid balance without monitoring the tissue perfusion.

could improve overall, renal, hemodynamic and respiratory prognosis in fluid overloaded patients with renal replacement therapy in ICU

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Acute kidney injury treated by continuous renal replacement therapy in ICU less than 7 days,

2. At least 1 organ failure during ICU in addition to AKI (mechanical ventilation or oxygen therapy or vascular filling > 1000ml or vasopressor exposure > 12 hours),

3. Weight loss of less than 3% since starting a net UF or Cumulative UF net less than 2000ml before inclusion,

4. Norepinephrine < 0,5 µg/kg/min,

5. Absence of hypoperfusion signs defined by the presence of at least 2 out of 4 criteria:

   • TRC > 3s at the finger
   • Marbrure score > 2
   • Lactate > 2 mmol/L
   • ScVO2< 60%,

6. Fluid overload defined as follows :

   • fluid overload > 5% of base weight (based on cumulative fluid balance or a weight gain) and/or
   • Obvious oedema of the lumbar region or flanks (oedema > 1cm bucket depth).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Chronic renal failure hemodialyzed before admission to the ICU,
2. Mechanical circulatory support (ECMO, LVAD),
3. Pregnant, child -bearing age or lactating women,
4. Stroke based on the combination of central neurological symptoms (aphasia, hemiplegia, hemiparesis) associated with compatible brain imaging, less than 30 days,
5. Intestinal ischemia less than 7 days documented non-operated,
6. Interventional study participation or exclusion period on going,that may interfere with the present study
7. Guardianship, curatorship or safeguard of justice,
8. Absence of signature of free and informed consent by the patient and/or relative,
9. Patients not affiliated to a social security scheme or beneficiaries of a similar scheme

For this protocol, the double blind is impossible to set up. Clinicians in charge of patients and implementing the depletion strategy cannot be blinded.

The patients will be blinded, they will not be aware of strategy applied. The medical staff will ensure that no information about the intervention is given to the patient.