This phase Ib/II trial studies how well cadonilimab combined with anlotinib and docetaxel work in treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer that is stage IV or has come back. Cadonilimab, a PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Anlotinib can regulate tumor microenvironment. Docetaxel was used in standard of care chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer, work to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Giving cadonilimab, anlotinib and docetaxel together may work better in treating patients with non-small lung cancer compared to standard of care.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

1. Dose discovery stage: evaluate the safety of cadonilimab combined with anlotinib and docetaxel in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC after failure of treatment with PD-L1/1 inhibitors and the recommended dose of anlotinib.
2. Dose expansion stage: evaluate the 6-month PFS rate of patients with locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC after failure of treatment with PD-L1/1 inhibitors by cadonilimab combined with anlotinib and docetaxel, which was evaluated by researchers based on RECIST v1.1.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

1. evaluate the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DoR), time to response (TTR), and total survival (OS) of patients with locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC after failure of treatment with PD-L1/1 inhibitors with cadonilimab, anlotinib, and docetaxel.
2. evaluate the safety and tolerability of cadonilimab combined with arotinib and docetaxel in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC after failure of treatment with PD-L1/1 inhibitor.

OUTLINE:

This is a prospective, open, single-arm, multi-center, phase I b/II clinical study. All patients were confirmed Locally advanced (stage IIIB/IIIC) that cannot be resected by radical surgery and cannot accept radical synchronous/sequential radiotherapy and chemotherapy or metastatic (stage IV) NSCLC by histology or cytology. Patients must have progressed on at most a PD-1/L1 inhibitor and a platinum-based chemotherapy (combined or sequential, regardless of sequence), and at least two cycles of PD-1/L1 inhibitor (combined or non-combined chemotherapy) with clinical benefits (PFS ≥ 3 months). The study is divided into two parts. The first part is the dose discovery stage. The patients will receive a 21-day observation period of dose limiting toxicity (DLT). 3-6 subjects will be enrolled in each dose, and finally evaluate the safety and determine the recommended dose (RP2D) for phase II clinical study according to the "3+3" principle. We will continue to recruit 44 patients at the dose expansion stage.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age≥18 years old

2. Locally advanced (stage IIIB/IIIC) that cannot be resected by radical surgery and cannot accept radical synchronous/sequential radiotherapy and chemotherapy and metastatic (stage IV) NSCLC confirmed by histology or cytology

3. Patients must have progressed on at most a PD-1/L1 inhibitor and a platinum-based chemotherapy (combined or sequential, regardless of sequence), and at least two cycles of PD-1/L1 inhibitor (combined or non-combined chemotherapy) with clinical benefits (PFS ≥ 3 months)

4. Patients must not have EGFR sensitizing mutations, EGFR T790M mutation, ALK gene fusion, and ROS 1 gene rearrangement, and BRAF V600E mutation.

5. Has measurable disease based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. Lesions situated in a previously irradiated area are considered measurable if progression has been demonstrated in such lesions

6. Has an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 1

7. Life expectancy > 12 weeks as determined by the investigator

8. Patients must have at least one measurable lesion (as defined by RECIST v1.1), which is suitable for repeated and accurate measurement

9. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1500/uL (collected within 10 days prior to the start of study treatment)

10. Platelets ≥ 100 000/uL (collected within 10 days prior to the start of study treatment)

11. Hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dL (collected within 10 days prior to the start of study treatment)

12. Creatinine clearance [CrCl]) ≥ 50 mL/min(Creatinine clearance (CrCl) should be calculated per institutional standard)

13. Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN (collected within 10 days prior to the start of study treatment)

14. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT]) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) ≤ 2.5 x ULN (≤ 5 x ULN for participants with liver metastases) (collected within 10 days prior to the start of study treatment

15. Serum albumin(ALB)≥28 g/L

16. International standardized ratio (INR) and activated partial thrombin time (APTT) ≤ 1.5 × ULN

17. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50%

18. A male participant must agree to use a contraception during the treatment period plus an additional 120 days after the last dose of study treatment and refrain from donating sperm during this period

19. A female participant is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant, not breastfeeding, and at least one of the following conditions applies:

    1. Not a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP) OR
    2. A WOCBP who agrees to follow the contraceptive guidance during the treatment period and for at least 120 days plus 30 days (a menstruation cycle) after the last dose of study treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Previously received treatment for tumor immune mechanism other than any anti-PD-1/L1 inhibitor for advanced NSCLC stage, such as CTLA-4（CD152）、TIGIT、OX-40、CD137、ICOS、CD40、CD47、CD73、GITR、TOX、LAG-3、TIM3、SIRPα、BTLA（CD272）、VISTA（B7-H5）、LIGHT（CD258）、B7-H3（CD276）、 B7-H4（VTCN1）、HVEM、CD80/CD86、MHC Ⅱ、GAL9、IDO、PVR（CD155）、Nectin-2（CD112）.
2. Patients have prior exposure to docetaxel, anlotinib, lenvatinib, apatinib, cabozantinib.
3. The last systemic anti-tumor treatment (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, biological agents, anti-angiogenic drugs, etc.) was received within 3 weeks before the first administration.
4. The following treatments were received within 2 weeks before the first administration: TKI treatment, hormone anti-tumor treatment, palliative local treatment for non-target lesions Non-specific immunomodulatory therapy (such as interleukin, interferon, thymosin, tumor necrosis factor, etc., excluding IL-11 for thrombocytopenia).
5. Patients with explosive progress.
6. Patients with other active malignant tumors except for NSCLC within 3 years before enrollment. Patients with other malignant tumors that have been cured by local treatment, such as basal or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, superficial bladder cancer cancer, cervical or breast cancer in situ, are not excluded.
7. Patients with active autoimmune diseases that require systemic treatment in the past two years (such as the use of disease improvement drugs, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants) (excluding irAE caused by the use of PD-1/L1 inhibitors). Replacement therapy (such as thyroid hormone, insulin, or physiological corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency) is not considered as a systemic treatment.
8. Patients can not swallow pills, with malabsorption syndrome, or any condition that affects gastrointestinal absorption;
9. Patients with active or previous history of inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis or chronic diarrhea).
10. Patients have a history of immune deficiency, with HIV antibody test positive or use systemic corticosteroids or other immunosuppressants for a long time.

All collected IPD

starting 6 months after publication