A comparison between resistive exercise and high intensity interval trainig on calcium and vitamin d in premenopausal women.

A total of 57% of women were vitamin D deficient with higher vitamin D deficiency found among premenopausal women (64.7%). Concentrations of 25(OH) D, defined as severely deficient (< 12 ng/ml), deficient (12-19 ng/ml), insufficient (20-30 ng/ml) and sufficient (> 30 ng/ml). Both severe vitamin D deficiency and calcium deficiency was significantly more frequent in premenopausal women compared to postmenopausal women. So, it is important to find effective therapeutic approaches to treat vitamin D deficiency among these women

Inclusion Criteria:

• Premenopausal women having reduced calcium level (less than 500mg) intake as recorded by 24 hours' dietary recall method and vitamin D deficiency (12-19 ng/ml).
• Their ages will range from 40 to 45 years.
• Their BMI will range from 25-30 kg/m2.
• Don't receive hormonal replacement therapy.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Smoking.
• History of chronic disease (uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes mellitus)
• Osteoporosis.
• severe musculoskeletal disorders
• cardiovascular disease, thyroid dysfunction