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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Norwegian University of Science and Technology | OTHER |
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Spot reduction, referring to local body fat reduction, pertains to subcutaneous adipose tissue utilization from specific body parts during exercise. Its existence has been keenly debated, although generally accepted not to occur during exercise. However, it is based on not only equivocal data - commonly the training protocol typically applied is based on strength rather than endurance training. The investigators sought to test this assumption by utilizing endurance based exercise controlling for energy expenditure and using dual x-ray absorptiometric measures to assess body composition before and after training.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| abdominal aerobic endurance exercise | Experimental | Subjects were combining treadmill running at 70% HRmax (27 minutes) with 4x4minutes (30-40% maximal strength, 1RM) of torso rotation and abdominal crunches (57 minutes), 4 d per wk for 10 weeks |
|
| Control group | Active Comparator | Subjects performed only treadmill running (45 minutes) at 70% HRmax for 4 d per week for 10 weeks. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal aerobic endurance exercise | Other | Subjects combined treadmill running at 70% HRmax (27 minutes) with 4x4minutes (30-40% maximal strength, 1RM) of torso rotation and abdominal crunches (57 minutes), 4 days per wk for 10 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Trunk fat mass change | Fat mass located in trunk (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Lower extremity fat mass change | Fat mass located in lower extremities (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) |
| Upper extremity fat mass change |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Trunk lean mass change | Lean mass located in trunk (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) |
| Lower extremity lean mass change | Lean mass located in lower extremities (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Assessor of dual x-ray absorptiometry results was blinded to group allocation
| Control training intervention | Other | Subjects performed treadmill running (45 minutes) at 70% HRmax 4 days per week for 10 weeks |
|
Fat mass located in upper extremities (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
| Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) |
| Total fat mass change | Total fat mass (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) |
| Body weight change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) |
| Body mass index change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) |
| Waist circumference (cm) change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) |
| Hip circumference (cm) change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) |
| Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) |
| Upper extremity lean mass change | Lean mass located in upper extremities (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) |
| Total lean mass change | Total lean mass (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) |
| Maximal oxygen uptake change | Maximal oxygen uptake by cardiopulmonary indirect calorimetry | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) |
| Maximal muscle strength change | One-repetition maximum (kg) in torso rotation and abdominal crunch | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) |