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ATFL thickness increases on the affected side of stroke patients and the homogeneous fibrillar structure is deteriorated.We aim to compare morphology of ATFL and Achilles tendon on the affected and unaffected sides using ultrasound in hemiplegic patients.
Age, gender, BMI, time elapsed after the event (months), Brunstrom motor stages and Barthel Activities of Daily Living index of the patients will be recorded. Modified Ashworth Scale and Tardieu scale are used to determine the muscle tone in the gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis posterior of the hemiplegic side.
ATFL and Achilles tendon will be evaluated using a 12 MHz linear probe of the Toshibo Aplio 500 USG device.ATFL and Achilles tendon signal will be evaluated with reference to contralateral features.
ATFL will be evaluated while the patient lying in the supine position with knee flexion and ankle slight plantarflexion and inversion.The probe will be placed anterolaterally between the lateral malleolus and the talus and a longitudinal image of the ATFL is obtained.
Achilles tendon will be evaluated with the patient lying in the prone position and the ankle at 90 degrees neutral.
ATFL and Achilles tendon signal will be evaluated and noted as homogeneous normal fibrillary structure or heterogeneous.All ultrasound measurements will be performed twice with the patients in the same position.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Anterior talofibular ligament(ATFL) thickness | ATFL will be evaluated using a 12 MHz linear probe of the Toshibo Aplio 500 USG device. The thickness in millimeters will be measured from the midpoint of the ligament on the affected and unaffected side. Thicknesses will be compared and whichever side is thicker will be considered as increased in thickness. Being thicker is worse, indicating degenerative process. | baseline |
| Visual assessment of anterior talofibular ligament(ATFL) signal | ATFL signal on the affected and unaffected side will be compared with ultrasound. ATFL signal will be evaluated and noted as homogeneous normal fibrillary structure or heterogeneous. It is worse when the ligament and tendon lose their homogeneous fibrillar structure and gain a heterogeneous appearance. | baseline |
| Visual assessment of achilles tendon signal | Achilles tendon signal on the affected and unaffected side will be compared with ultrasound. Achilles tendon signal will be evaluated and noted as homogeneous normal fibrillary structure or heterogeneous. It is worse when the ligament and tendon lose their homogeneous fibrillar structure and gain a heterogeneous appearance. | baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Brunstrom motor recovery stage | The Brunnstrom stage describes the sequence of motor development and reorganization of the brain after stroke which contains 3 items for the arm, the hand, and the leg. The stage ranges from 1 (maximum possible impairment) to 7 (no impairment). As the patient's condition improves, the stage increases. | baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Modified Ashworth Scale of gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis posterior muscles | The spasticity level of ankle will be measured by using Modified Ashworth Scale. It measures resistance during passive soft-tissue stretching. The total or maximum scores for the subscale is 4 and the minimum is 0 score. Higher scores indicates the higher the tone, lower score indicates less tone. 0 score indicates normal tone and no increase in tone, while 4 scores indicate affected part rigid in flexion or extension. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients over the age of 18 who apply to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic of Gaziosmanpaşa Training and Research Hospital between 20.02.2023- 20.03.2023 and who had hemiplegia or hemiparesis after their first cerebrovascular accident (CVO) will be included.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| ebru yilmaz yalcinkaya, Prof MD | gaziosmanpasa training and research hospital | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gaziosmanpasa Training Ve Research Hospital | Istanbul | 34255 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30065479 | Result | Yildizgoren MT, Velioglu O, Demetgul O, Turhanoglu AD. Assessment of the Anterior Talofibular Ligament Thickness in Patients with Chronic Stroke: An Ultrasonographic Study. J Med Ultrasound. 2017 Jul-Sep;25(3):145-149. doi: 10.1016/j.jmu.2017.03.001. Epub 2017 Mar 23. | |
| 23341388 | Result | Kwon DR, Park GY. Differences in lateral ankle ligaments between affected and unaffected legs in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. J Ultrasound Med. 2013 Feb;32(2):313-7. doi: 10.7863/jum.2013.32.2.313. |
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| Barthel Index | The Barthel Index is an ordinal scale used to measure performance in activities of daily living. Ten variables describing activities of daily living and mobility are scored, a higher number being a reflection of greater ability to function independently. Total scores on the Barthel index may range from 0-100 points, with a maximum score of 100 points indicating better performance. | baseline |
| baseline |
| Tardieu scale of gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis posterior muscles | The spasticity level of ankle will also be measured by using Tardieu Scale. The purpose of this scale is to quantify spasticity by assessing the muscle's response to different stretch velocities and by determining the spasticity angle. The scale ranges from 0 to 5 points, where 0 is equal to absence of spasticity, 5 is equal to high degree of spasticity. | baseline |