Specific study objectives include:

• To describe patient and provider characteristics for aflibercept patients and aflibercept user injections by aflibercept dispensing device, overall, and stratified by time (quarterly, annually).
• To estimate the annual and quarterly incidence of intraocular inflammation (IOI) and suspected endophthalmitis for aflibercept user injections by aflibercept dispensing device.

Secondary objectives

• To estimate the annual incidence of IOI and suspected endophthalmitis for aflibercept user injections by dispensing device, stratified by indication for use, history of IOI, and provider characteristics.

This study is entirely descriptive using secondary data from the Vestrum Health Retina Treatment and Outcomes database.

Inclusion Criteria for a Treatment Episode:

1. Must have received one or more injections of aflibercept, regardless of indication, between 01Jan2014 to 30Apr2022
2. Patients must have at least one eligible treatment episode a. Specification of laterality of aflibercept injection (left or right eye or both) for treatment episode

Exclusion Criteria for a Treatment Episode:

1. A post-operative follow-up visit for any ocular surgery (excluding vitrectomy), within +/-28 days of aflibercept injection, as defined in the protocol
2. Active steroid treatment, defined as steroid treatment (topical or intravitreal) on the date of aflibercept injection. This criterion is limited to date of aflibercept injection since steroids may be used to treat IOIs.
3. Any treatment episode where a patient eye receives >1 (or an unknown) anti-VEGF injection on the index date (date of aflibercept injection).

The study period will span from 01 Jan 2014 (earliest complete data available) to 28 May 2022 (or most current data available). The study will include patients ≥18 years of age in Vestrum who have received one or more injections of aflibercept, regardless of indication, between 01 Jan 2014 to 30 Apr 2022 (one month look forward required). Patients must have at least one eligible treatment episode (defined as aflibercept injection followed by 28-day exposed period after injection) to be included in the study.