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Objective: This novel study aimed to interrogate from a biopsychosocial perspective the health conditions during the Covid-19 infection and long-Covid periods of 5 patients with rheumatic disease infected with Covid-19 who had acquired the habit of regular exercise before the pandemic.
Method: This case study included five patients suffering from Covid-19 infection among patients with rheumatic disease who had acquired the habit of regular exercise before the Covid-19 pandemic. It was applied a questionnaire to the patients from a biopsychosocial perspective to see the short and long-term effects of Covid-19 during and after quarantine. Moreover, the study used the BETY-Biopsychosocical Questionnaire (BETY-BQ) to evaluate a biopsychosocial point, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) to measure functional status, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess anxiety and depression.
Results: In BETY-BQ, HAQ, and HADS, there was an unfavorable increase in overall scores of all patients during Covid-19. After six months, although the results from these three scales improved, some of the patients could not return to their pre-covid state.
Conclusions: The patients participating in the telerehabilitation were able to return to everyday life after Covid more efficiently and overcome post-Covid symptoms easily. This study is important in guiding the exercise approach for patients with rheumatic diseases in pandemics such as Covid-19.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| BETY exercise group | Experimental | intervention group Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı (BETY, Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach) is a group exercise method that conforms to the biopsychosocial model via telerehabilitation Exercise dosage is 60 minute three days a week. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı (BETY, Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach) | Other | Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı (BETY, Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach) is a group exercise method that conforms to the biopsychosocial model via telerehabilitation. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Qualitative research | We aimed to complete qualitative interviews to investigate the biopsychosocial perspectives of patients with rheumatic diseases in the study. A team of four physiotherapists experienced in rheumatic diseases prepared an interview guide based on prior studies in the literature. The interview guide consisted of 25-item questions from a biopsychosocial perspective to see the short and long-term effects of Covid-19 infection on these patients during and after quarantine. | at 6 month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı-Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY-BQ) | The scale consists of 30 items. The scoring of the scale was made using a 5-point Likert system. Each question is scored as "No never: 0 Yes rarely: 1 Yes sometimes: 2 Yes often: 3 Yes always: 4" and gives a total score over 30 items. A high score means that the biopsychosocial situation is 'bad'. | before infection, during infection and at 6 month after infection |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nazli Elif Nacar | Kahramanmaraş | 46000 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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case series
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| Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) | The functional status of the patients was determined by the Health Assessment Questionnaire. The 20-question scale has 8 subtitles that include dressing, sitting, eating, walking, hygiene, reaching out, grasping, and daily life activities. Each answer is scored between 0 and 3 points. It means "0 = Without difficulty, 1 = A little difficult, 2 = Very difficult and 3 = I can never do it". The total score is the average score derived from 8 points for each category.High score indicates low functional status. | before infection, during infection and at 6 month after infection |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) | The anxiety and depression of the patients was determined by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). This questionnaire is consisting of 14 questions with 4 options. The higher the score, the higher the anxiety and depression levels. | before infection, during infection and at 6 month after infection |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012216 | Rheumatic Diseases |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D003240 | Connective Tissue Diseases |
| D017437 | Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases |
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