To explore the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with endostar and chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma (stage IIIB-IV).

This study is a prospective, single-arm, single-center phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy and recombinant human endostatin in patients with advanced (stage IIIB-IV) squamous non-small cell lung cancer. Patients with locally advanced stage ⅢB/ⅢC, metastatic or recurrent stage IV squamous NSCLC who were not operable and could not receive radical concurrent chemoradiotherapy were selected after signing informed consent. Eligible subjects who met the inclusion criteria were screened for immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with chemotherapy and recombinant human endostatin. After cycles 4 to 6, maintenance therapy with an immune checkpoint inhibitor and endostatin was administered until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal of consent, initiation of additional antineoplastic therapy, death, or other protocol-specified discontinuation of treatment, whichever occurred first.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1. Provided written informed consent before performing any trial-related procedures;

  2. Aged from 18 to 75 years old (including 75 years old);

  3. Patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed, locally advanced (stage IIIB/IIIC), metastatic, or recurrent (stage IV) squamous NSCLC according to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer and American Joint Committee on Classification of Cancer 8th Edition TNM classification of Lung cancer, who are inoperable and not amenable to definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy;

  4. At least one radiographic measurable lesion according to response evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST, version 1.1);

Exclusion Criteria:

1. If the tumor had invaded large blood vessels on imaging (CT or MRI), or it was judged that the tumor was likely to invade important blood vessels and cause fatal hemorrhage during the follow-up study;
2. Currently participating in an interventional clinical study treatment or receiving another study drug or study device within 4 weeks before the first dose;
3. Presence of active hemoptysis, active diverticulitis, abdominal abscess, gastrointestinal obstruction, and peritoneal metastasis requiring clinical intervention;
4. Grade III-IV congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association class) with poorly controlled clinically significant arrhythmias;
5. Any arterial thrombosis, embolism, or ischemia, such as myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, cerebrovascular accident, or transient ischemic attack, occurred within 6 months before enrollment;
6. Known allergic reactions to the study drugs;
7. Patients requiring long-term systemic corticosteroids. Patients who required intermittent use of bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, or topical corticosteroid injections due to COPD or asthma were eligible.
8. Symptomatic central nervous system metastases Patients with asymptomatic brain metastases or symptomatic stabilization of treated brain metastases were eligible to participate in the study if they met all the following criteria: measurable disease outside the central nervous system; No metastasis was found in midbrain, pons, cerebellum, meninges, medulla oblongata or spinal cord. Maintain a clinically stable state for at least 2 weeks; Hormone therapy was stopped 3 days before the first dose of study drug;
9. Active infection requiring treatment or use of systemic anti-infective agents within 1 week before the first dose;
10. Has not fully recovered from any intervention-related toxicity and/or complications before starting treatment (i.e., grade ≤1 or baseline, excluding fatigue or alopecia);
11. Known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (i.e., HIV 1/2 antibody positive);
12. Untreated active hepatitis B (defined as both HBsAg positivity and HBV-DNA copies greater than the upper limit of normal in the laboratory of the participating center);