Improving patient recovery after cardiac surgery is a critical priority. While improved surgical techniques have substantially reduced procedural mortality over the past decades, the inherent physiological insult of median sternotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass, and myocardial manipulation continues to impose significant challenges in patient's recovery experience, such as pain, sleep disorders. Paradoxically, this critical recovery phase remains underexplored, as traditional outcome metrics predominantly focus on mortality and major morbidity endpoints. However, no cardiac surgery-specific tools currently exist to adequately capture postoperative recovery experience, creating barriers to optimal care. Accordingly, the investigators aim to develop and validate a recovery scale after cardiac surgery and evaluate its clinical performance compared to the generic scale (QoR-15)

Inclusion Criteria:

• Elective cardiac surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

• Emergency surgery
• Age ≤ 18 years
• Refuse to participate in this study
• prolonged postoperative mechanical ventilation exceeding 24 hours reoperation or perioperative death

Patient aged 18 years or older, undergoing elective cardiac surgery.