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This will be a single-site, open-label study in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anti-BTLA agonist therapy (LY3361237) in treating patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome.

The primary objective is to evaluate the efficacy of LY3361237 in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome by assessing changes in the Sjogren's Tool for Assessing Response (STAR) after 12 weeks of treatment.

The secondary objective is to determine the effect of LY3361237 on glandular changes measured by PET/MRI.

This study is a single-site, open-label study in subjects with primary Sjogren's syndrome being conducted at the Stanford University rheumatology clinic. All eligible subjects will receive LY3361237 450mg SC Q2W over a period of 12 weeks and will be followed up for an additional 10 weeks after the last dose. Twelve subjects will be included in the study.

After the Screening visit, consenting patients will be seen in clinic on day 1 (Baseline) and return to clinic on Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 22.

At Screening (up to 35 days before baseline), a complete medical history, physical exam, vital signs, clinical laboratory tests [comprehensive metabolic panel, complete blood count, quantitative immunoglobulins, ANA, RF, anti-Ro, anti-La, C3, C4, ESR, CRP, urinalysis, urine protein:creatinine, serum pregnancy test for females, HIV serologies, hepatitis B serologies, hepatitis C serologies, quantiFERON test for tuberculosis, SARS-CoV-2 PCR], chest x-ray, electrocardiogram, and salivary gland ultrasound will be conducted.

At all subsequent visits, at a minimum, a complete physical exam, vital signs, focused history, and clinical laboratory tests (comprehensive metabolic panel, complete blood count, ESR, CRP, and urine pregnancy test for females) will be conducted.

Efficacy will be assessed using the Sjogren's Tool for Assessing Response (STAR) and by measuring changes in unstimulated salivary flow rate, changes in salivary glands by ultrasound, changes in salivary glands by PET/MRI, changes in Schirmer I testing, changes in laboratory values including inflammatory markers (ESR, CRP) complement levels (C3, C4), immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), and autoantibodies (ANA, SS-A, SS-B, RF), and changes in patient reported outcomes.

At Screening, Baseline, Week 4, and Week 12, patients will record their global assessment of disease as well as visual analog scales for ocular and salivary symptoms and the ESSPRI. At Baseline, Week 4, and Week 12, patients will record the FACIT-F for fatigue and RAND SF-36, and the physician will calculate the ESSDAI, ClinESSDAI, physician global assessment of disease, and tender and swollen joint count.

In addition, safety will be assessed for all patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

Subjects are eligible for enrollment in the study only if they meet all of the following criteria:

• Have given written informed consent

• Are men or women aged 18 to 85, inclusive, at the time of initial screening

• Have a confirmed diagnosis of primary Sjogren's syndrome by the 2016 ACR-EULAR classification criteria for primary Sjogren's syndrome [2]

• ≥50mm on a visual analog scale (VAS) for ocular dryness or oral dryness or ≥5 on the ESSPRI score for dryness

• Have a Hočevar salivary gland ultrasound score (SGUS) (on a 0-48 point scale) and ≥10 [to detect relatively early disease with less anatomic derangement that will potentially be more responsive to treatment and to exclude patients with no changes on ultrasound that would preclude an ability to see improvement] [3]

• All women (regardless of childbearing potential) must test negative for pregnancy at the time of screening. Women must also agree to use a reliable method of birth control from screening until 12 weeks following last dose of study drug (adequate contraceptive measures include: intrauterine devices, hormonal contraceptives, complete sexual abstinence, or vasectomized partner), unless they are not of child-bearing potential as defined by meeting either of the following:

  • Are at least 6 weeks after bilateral oophorectomy, tubal ligation, or hysterectomy
  • Are postmenopausal, as defined by having had spontaneous amenorrhea for at least 12 months and a follicle-stimulating hormone level >40 mIU/mL at screening

• Have venous access sufficient to allow for blood sampling, as per the protocol

• Are reliable and willing to make themselves available for the duration of the study and are willing to follow study procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior treatment with a BTLA agonist within 6 months before baseline
• Use of other biologic agents including TNF inhibitors, abatacept, IL-6 inhibitors, or BAFF inhibitors within 8 weeks prior to baseline
• Use of a B cell depleting therapy (such as rituximab) within 12 months prior to baseline
• A history of, or current, inflammatory or autoimmune disease (that could affect the interpretation of safety or efficacy outcomes) other than primary Sjogren's syndrome
• Evidence of active tuberculosis, HIV, or hepatitis B or C infection
• Have a diagnosis or history of malignant disease within 5 years prior to baseline, with the following exceptions: basal cell or squamous epithelial carcinomas of the skin that have been resected with no evidence of metastatic disease for 3 years and/or cervical carcinoma in situ, with no evidence of recurrence within the 5 years prior to baseline
• Prior LASIK or radial keratotomy surgery which could affect symptomatic complaints of eye dryness