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The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of tongue anomalies in a group of Egyptian children and to relate the presence of malocclusion in cases of macroglossia, tongue tie and microglossia.
The tongue is an important and accessible muscle in the oral cavity, it has many functions which includes speech, chewing, swallowing, sucking, control of breathing, growth and developments of the jaws and perception to pain.
Also, many systemic disorders and diseases affect the tongue which makes it a great reflector of the general health.
Tongue anomalies has different frequencies and prevalence between different countries, these differences may be due to geographic, ethnic, gender and age variability, for example a study in Iran in 2003 found that the prevalence of tongue anomalies 34.3%, while another study in Colombia in 2013 found that the prevalence of tongue anomalies on their study population was 79.9%.
The knowledge of the prevalence of tongue anomalies among Egyptian children is missing in the literature which could compromise the quality of dental care, increase the occurrence of orthodontic problems and decrease the chances of early detection of some systemic diseases, since tongue anomalies could help in early determination of some systemic diseases in cases of fissured tongue and geographic tongue as well as early prevention and early intervention of malocclusions and speech defects that might be caused in cases of microglossia, macroglossia and ankyloglossia.
Hence, the knowledge of prevalence of tongue anomalies among Egyptian children can aid in setting a reference which will then help in public health planning and prevention policies.
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| no intervention | Other | observational study, all data collected are binary |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| prevalence of tongue anomalies | studying the prevalence of tongue anomalies among Egyptian children between 6 to 12 years old | 1 month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| macroglossia, microglossia and ankyloglossia effect on occlusion | detecting the presence or absence of malocclusion in cases of three types of tongue anomalies (ankyloglossia, macroglossia and microglossia) | 1 month |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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school children between six to twelve years old
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Randa Abd Al Gawad, Dental PhD | Cairo University | Study Director |
| Yasmin Yousry, Dental PhD | Cairo University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aley Ibn Abi Taleb primary school | Cairo | Egypt | ||||
| Mansheyet Gebril primary school |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16264385 | Background | Rioboo-Crespo Mdel R, Planells-del Pozo P, Rioboo-Garcia R. Epidemiology of the most common oral mucosal diseases in children. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2005 Nov-Dec;10(5):376-87. English, Spanish. | |
| 19656020 | Background | Suter VG, Bornstein MM. Ankyloglossia: facts and myths in diagnosis and treatment. J Periodontol. 2009 Aug;80(8):1204-19. doi: 10.1902/jop.2009.090086. |
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Data to be shared via email to other researchers if needed.
data will be available starting June 2023 for 1 year
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
| D000072676 | Ankyloglossia |
| D014063 | Tongue, Fissured |
| D005929 | Glossitis, Benign Migratory |
| D008260 | Macroglossia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D014060 | Tongue Diseases |
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
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| Cairo |
| Egypt |
| 30152627 | Background | Belmehdi A, Harti KE, Wady WE. Ankyloglossia as an oral functional problem and its surgical management. Dent Med Probl. 2018 Apr-Jun;55(2):213-216. doi: 10.17219/dmp/85708. |
| 12974518 | Background | Avcu N, Kanli A. The prevalence of tongue lesions in 5150 Turkish dental outpatients. Oral Dis. 2003 Jul;9(4):188-95. doi: 10.1034/j.1601-0825.2003.02933.x. |
| 32766305 | Background | Chang PS, Yen TH, Huang CJ, Yen AM, Chen SL, Tsai AI. Clinical Orodental Anomalies in Taiwanese Children under Age Six: a Study Based on the 1995-1997 National Dental Survey. Biomed Res Int. 2020 Jul 19;2020:2056340. doi: 10.1155/2020/2056340. eCollection 2020. |
| 26156909 | Background | Rezaei F, Safarzadeh M, Mozafari H, Tavakoli P. Prevalence of Geographic tongue and Related Predisposing Factors in 7-18 Year-Old Students in Kermanshah, Iran 2014. Glob J Health Sci. 2015 Feb 24;7(5):91-5. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v7n5p91. |
| D005928 | Glossitis |