The aim of this study is to find out whether the combination of two approved drugs, ipilimumab and nivolumab, in combination with cryoablation are safe and effective for participants who have an unresectable melanoma that is resistant, or is growing, after receiving immunotherapy with a PD-1 inhibitor.

The names of the study interventions involved in this study are:

• Cryoablation (an interventional radiology procedure that freezes part of a tumor)
• Ipilimumab (an immunotherapy)
• Nivolumab (an immunotherapy)

This is a single-arm, two-stage, Phase II clinical trial to test the safety and effectiveness of an investigational treatment, the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab with cryoablation, for the treatment of metastatic melanoma resistant to PD-1 inhibition.

Ipilimumab and nivolumab are types of inhibitors. Ipilimumab targets and blocks specific proteins in cancer cells which are responsible for stopping the immune system from working correctly. Nivolumab targets a receptor on cancer cells that causes programmed cell death.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved Ipilimumab and Nivolumab for the treatment of melanoma.

Cryoablation is an approved procedure that consists of freezing a tumor and surgically removing it. The use of the study drugs and cryoablation combination is experimental.

Study procedures including screening for eligibility, study treatment including in-clinic visits, blood sample collections, Computerized Tomography (CT) scans, and tumor biopsies.

Participation in this research study is expected to last up to 3 years.

It is expected that about 37 people will take part in this research study.

The William M. Wood Foundation is supporting this research by providing funding for the cryoablation and research activities.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult patients (age > 18) with unresectable melanoma who have progressed on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, nivolumab-relatimab, atezolizumab, ipilimumab) and for whom their treating physician plans to initiate dual ICI with ipilimumab and nivolumab. Progression on adjuvant PD-1 inhibition is permitted. PD-1 does not have to be the last therapy received. This is no limited on prior lines of ICI received. There is no wash-out period required from the time of their last therapy.

• Patients are medically eligible for dual checkpoint inhibition (i.e. no untreated/uncontrolled intercurrent medical issue including ongoing immune-related adverse event or need for systemic steroids >10mg PO prednisone or its equivalent, ECOG PS ≤2) with ipilimumab 3mg/kg and nivolumab 1mg/kg by their treating physician

• Must have a tumor amenable to percutaneous image-guided cryoablation based on routine Interventional Radiology criteria.

• Patients must have measurable disease (by RECIST) independent of the lesion to be ablated. Measurable disease is defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension (longest diameter to be recorded for non-nodal lesions and short axis for nodal lesions) as ≥20 mm with conventional techniques or as ≥10 mm with spiral CT scan, MRI, or calipers by clinical exam. See Section 11 (Measurement of Effect) for evaluation of measurable disease.

• Prior radiation therapy to any site is allowed; with an exception of the target site for planned cryoablation

• ECOG performance status ≤2 (Karnofsky ≥60%, see Appendix A)

• Life expectancy of greater than 3 months

• Participants must have adequate organ and marrow function as defined below:

  • Leukocytes ≥3,000/mcL
  • Absolute neutrophil count ≥1,000/mcL
  • Platelets ≥75,000/mcL
  • Total bilirubin ≤3 institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
  • AST(SGOT)/ALT(SGPT) ≤5 × institutional ULN
  • CrCL > 30 ml/min

• Known Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected participants on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial. (HIV testing not required at screening).

• For participants with known evidence of known chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the HBV viral load must be undetectable on suppressive therapy, if indicated. (HBV testing not required at screening).

• Participants with a history of known hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection must have been treated and cured. For participants with HCV infection who are currently on treatment, they are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load. (HCV testing not required at screening).

• Participants with asymptomatic brain metastases are eligible.

• Participants with new or progressive asymptomatic brain metastases (active brain metastases) or leptomeningeal disease are eligible if the treating physician determines that immediate CNS specific treatment is not required and is unlikely to be required during the first cycle of therapy.

• Participants with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are eligible for this trial.

• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Lesion to undergo cryoablation cannot have had prior radiation therapy or other locoregional therapy
• Inability to hold systemic anticoagulation prior to cryoablation (if holding anticoagulation is required by the operator)
• Participants who are receiving an investigational agent(s).
• Participants who are progressing on combination ipilimumab/nivolumab as their last line of therapy
• Participants who have not recovered from adverse events due to prior anti-cancer therapy (i.e., have residual toxicities > Grade 1)
• Patients with symptomatic brain metastasis or LMD
• Participants on > 10mg of oral prednisone or its equivalent
• Participants with uncontrolled intercurrent illness.
• Pregnant women are excluded from this study because immune checkpoint inhibitors have the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with immune checkpoint inhibitors, breastfeeding should be discontinued.

The Dana-Farber / Harvard Cancer Center encourages and supports the responsible and ethical sharing of data from clinical trials. De-identified participant data from the final research dataset used in the published manuscript may only be shared under the terms of a Data Use Agreement. Requests may be directed to: [contact information for Sponsor Investigator or designee]. The protocol and statistical analysis plan will be made available on Clinicaltrials.gov only as required by federal regulation or as a condition of awards and agreements supporting the research.

Data can be shared no earlier than 1 year following the date of publication

Contact the Partners Innovations team at http://www.partners.org/innovation