Non-trauma eye after open globe injury determine retinal microvascular changes

Comprehensive Ophthalmologic Examination: Measurements of best-corrected visual acuity, refractive error, intraocular pressure, axial length, slit lamp examination of the anterior segment, dilated fundus examination, and anterior segment parameters, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)

Investigation of retinal microvascular circulation in age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers

Comprehensive Ophthalmologic Examination: Measurements of best-corrected visual acuity, refractive error, intraocular pressure, axial length, slit lamp examination of the anterior segment, dilated fundus examination, and anterior segment parameters, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)

Non-trauma eye after open globe injury determine retinal microvascular changes

Comprehensive Ophthalmologic Examination: Measurements of best-corrected visual acuity, refractive error, intraocular pressure, axial length, slit lamp examination of the anterior segment, dilated fundus examination, and anterior segment parameters, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)

Investigation of retinal microvascular circulation in age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers

Comprehensive Ophthalmologic Examination: Measurements of best-corrected visual acuity, refractive error, intraocular pressure, axial length, slit lamp examination of the anterior segment, dilated fundus examination, and anterior segment parameters, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)

Non-Trauma Eye After Open-Globe Injury All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, which included refractive error (Nidek ARK-700A, Nidek Co., Ltd, Gamagori, Japan), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP/Fully Automatic Tonometer, NIDEK NT-2000, Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan), biometry and axial length (AL) (IOLMASTER 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), slit-lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments, Scheimflug Topography (Pentecam Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and retinal and choroidal thickness and microvascular circulation of the retina and choroid were measured and recorded with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angio™ (Topcon Corp, Japan). The BCVA was converted into the logarithm of minimal angle resolution (logMAR). Of the individuals included in the study, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), astigmatism value (AST), corneal volume (CV), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SFEQ), intraocular lens power (ILP), VA (visual acuity), central retinal thicness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), superficial retinal circulation (SRC), deep retinal circulation (DRC) and choriocapillaris circulation (CC) data were recorded. The patients were followed for approximately six months, examined at one week, one month and three months after the trauma, and a total of three measurements were taken from the subjects.

Age-, sex-matched healthy volunteers

All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, which included refractive error (Nidek ARK-700A, Nidek Co., Ltd, Gamagori, Japan), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP/Fully Automatic Tonometer, NIDEK NT-2000, Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan), biometry and axial length (AL) (IOLMASTER 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), slit-lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments, Scheimflug Topography (Pentecam Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and retinal and choroidal thickness and microvascular circulation of the retina and choroid were measured and recorded with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angio™ (Topcon Corp, Japan). The BCVA was converted into the logarithm of minimal angle resolution (logMAR). Of the individuals included in the study, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), astigmatism value (AST), corneal volume (CV), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SFEQ), intraocular lens power (ILP), VA (visual acuity), central retinal thicness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), superficial retinal circulation (SRC), deep retinal circulation (DRC) and choriocapillaris circulation (CC) data were recorded.

Non-Trauma Eye After Open-Globe Injury All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, which included refractive error (Nidek ARK-700A, Nidek Co., Ltd, Gamagori, Japan), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP/Fully Automatic Tonometer, NIDEK NT-2000, Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan), biometry and axial length (AL) (IOLMASTER 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), slit-lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments, Scheimflug Topography (Pentecam Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and retinal and choroidal thickness and microvascular circulation of the retina and choroid were measured and recorded with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angio™ (Topcon Corp, Japan). The BCVA was converted into the logarithm of minimal angle resolution (logMAR). Of the individuals included in the study, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), astigmatism value (AST), corneal volume (CV), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SFEQ), intraocular lens power (ILP), VA (visual acuity), central retinal thicness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), superficial retinal circulation (SRC), deep retinal circulation (DRC) and choriocapillaris circulation (CC) data were recorded. The patients were followed for approximately six months, examined at one week, one month and three months after the trauma, and a total of three measurements were taken from the subjects.

Age-, sex-matched healthy volunteers

All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, which included refractive error (Nidek ARK-700A, Nidek Co., Ltd, Gamagori, Japan), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP/Fully Automatic Tonometer, NIDEK NT-2000, Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan), biometry and axial length (AL) (IOLMASTER 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), slit-lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments, Scheimflug Topography (Pentecam Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and retinal and choroidal thickness and microvascular circulation of the retina and choroid were measured and recorded with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angio™ (Topcon Corp, Japan). The BCVA was converted into the logarithm of minimal angle resolution (logMAR). Of the individuals included in the study, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), astigmatism value (AST), corneal volume (CV), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SFEQ), intraocular lens power (ILP), VA (visual acuity), central retinal thicness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), superficial retinal circulation (SRC), deep retinal circulation (DRC) and choriocapillaris circulation (CC) data were recorded.

Non-Trauma Eye After Open-Globe Injury All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, which included refractive error (Nidek ARK-700A, Nidek Co., Ltd, Gamagori, Japan), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP/Fully Automatic Tonometer, NIDEK NT-2000, Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan), biometry and axial length (AL) (IOLMASTER 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), slit-lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments, Scheimflug Topography (Pentecam Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and retinal and choroidal thickness and microvascular circulation of the retina and choroid were measured and recorded with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angio™ (Topcon Corp, Japan). The BCVA was converted into the logarithm of minimal angle resolution (logMAR). Of the individuals included in the study, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), astigmatism value (AST), corneal volume (CV), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SFEQ), intraocular lens power (ILP), VA (visual acuity), central retinal thicness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), superficial retinal circulation (SRC), deep retinal circulation (DRC) and choriocapillaris circulation (CC) data were recorded. The patients were followed for approximately six months, examined at one week, one month and three months after the trauma, and a total of three measurements were taken from the subjects.

Age-, sex-matched healthy volunteers

All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, which included refractive error (Nidek ARK-700A, Nidek Co., Ltd, Gamagori, Japan), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP/Fully Automatic Tonometer, NIDEK NT-2000, Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan), biometry and axial length (AL) (IOLMASTER 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), slit-lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments, Scheimflug Topography (Pentecam Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and retinal and choroidal thickness and microvascular circulation of the retina and choroid were measured and recorded with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angio™ (Topcon Corp, Japan). The BCVA was converted into the logarithm of minimal angle resolution (logMAR). Of the individuals included in the study, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), astigmatism value (AST), corneal volume (CV), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SFEQ), intraocular lens power (ILP), VA (visual acuity), central retinal thicness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), superficial retinal circulation (SRC), deep retinal circulation (DRC) and choriocapillaris circulation (CC) data were recorded.

Non-Trauma Eye After Open-Globe Injury All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, which included refractive error (Nidek ARK-700A, Nidek Co., Ltd, Gamagori, Japan), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP/Fully Automatic Tonometer, NIDEK NT-2000, Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan), biometry and axial length (AL) (IOLMASTER 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), slit-lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments, Scheimflug Topography (Pentecam Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and retinal and choroidal thickness and microvascular circulation of the retina and choroid were measured and recorded with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angio™ (Topcon Corp, Japan). The BCVA was converted into the logarithm of minimal angle resolution (logMAR). Of the individuals included in the study, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), astigmatism value (AST), corneal volume (CV), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SFEQ), intraocular lens power (ILP), VA (visual acuity), central retinal thicness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), superficial retinal circulation (SRC), deep retinal circulation (DRC) and choriocapillaris circulation (CC) data were recorded. The patients were followed for approximately six months, examined at one week, one month and three months after the trauma, and a total of three measurements were taken from the subjects.

Age-, sex-matched healthy volunteers

All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, which included refractive error (Nidek ARK-700A, Nidek Co., Ltd, Gamagori, Japan), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP/Fully Automatic Tonometer, NIDEK NT-2000, Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan), biometry and axial length (AL) (IOLMASTER 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), slit-lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments, Scheimflug Topography (Pentecam Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and retinal and choroidal thickness and microvascular circulation of the retina and choroid were measured and recorded with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angio™ (Topcon Corp, Japan). The BCVA was converted into the logarithm of minimal angle resolution (logMAR). Of the individuals included in the study, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), astigmatism value (AST), corneal volume (CV), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SFEQ), intraocular lens power (ILP), VA (visual acuity), central retinal thicness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), superficial retinal circulation (SRC), deep retinal circulation (DRC) and choriocapillaris circulation (CC) data were recorded.

Non-Trauma Eye After Open-Globe Injury All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, which included refractive error (Nidek ARK-700A, Nidek Co., Ltd, Gamagori, Japan), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP/Fully Automatic Tonometer, NIDEK NT-2000, Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan), biometry and axial length (AL) (IOLMASTER 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), slit-lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments, Scheimflug Topography (Pentecam Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and retinal and choroidal thickness and microvascular circulation of the retina and choroid were measured and recorded with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angio™ (Topcon Corp, Japan). The BCVA was converted into the logarithm of minimal angle resolution (logMAR). Of the individuals included in the study, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), astigmatism value (AST), corneal volume (CV), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SFEQ), intraocular lens power (ILP), VA (visual acuity), central retinal thicness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), superficial retinal circulation (SRC), deep retinal circulation (DRC) and choriocapillaris circulation (CC) data were recorded. The patients were followed for approximately six months, examined at one week, one month and three months after the trauma, and a total of three measurements were taken from the subjects.

Age-, sex-matched healthy volunteers

All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, which included refractive error (Nidek ARK-700A, Nidek Co., Ltd, Gamagori, Japan), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP/Fully Automatic Tonometer, NIDEK NT-2000, Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan), biometry and axial length (AL) (IOLMASTER 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), slit-lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments, Scheimflug Topography (Pentecam Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and retinal and choroidal thickness and microvascular circulation of the retina and choroid were measured and recorded with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angio™ (Topcon Corp, Japan). The BCVA was converted into the logarithm of minimal angle resolution (logMAR). Of the individuals included in the study, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), astigmatism value (AST), corneal volume (CV), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SFEQ), intraocular lens power (ILP), VA (visual acuity), central retinal thicness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), superficial retinal circulation (SRC), deep retinal circulation (DRC) and choriocapillaris circulation (CC) data were recorded.

Non-Trauma Eye After Open-Globe Injury All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, which included refractive error (Nidek ARK-700A, Nidek Co., Ltd, Gamagori, Japan), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP/Fully Automatic Tonometer, NIDEK NT-2000, Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan), biometry and axial length (AL) (IOLMASTER 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), slit-lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments, Scheimflug Topography (Pentecam Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and retinal and choroidal thickness and microvascular circulation of the retina and choroid were measured and recorded with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angio™ (Topcon Corp, Japan). The BCVA was converted into the logarithm of minimal angle resolution (logMAR). Of the individuals included in the study, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), astigmatism value (AST), corneal volume (CV), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SFEQ), intraocular lens power (ILP), VA (visual acuity), central retinal thicness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), superficial retinal circulation (SRC), deep retinal circulation (DRC) and choriocapillaris circulation (CC) data were recorded. The patients were followed for approximately six months, examined at one week, one month and three months after the trauma, and a total of three measurements were taken from the subjects.

Age-, sex-matched healthy volunteers

All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, which included refractive error (Nidek ARK-700A, Nidek Co., Ltd, Gamagori, Japan), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP/Fully Automatic Tonometer, NIDEK NT-2000, Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan), biometry and axial length (AL) (IOLMASTER 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), slit-lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments, Scheimflug Topography (Pentecam Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and retinal and choroidal thickness and microvascular circulation of the retina and choroid were measured and recorded with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angio™ (Topcon Corp, Japan). The BCVA was converted into the logarithm of minimal angle resolution (logMAR). Of the individuals included in the study, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), astigmatism value (AST), corneal volume (CV), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SFEQ), intraocular lens power (ILP), VA (visual acuity), central retinal thicness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), superficial retinal circulation (SRC), deep retinal circulation (DRC) and choriocapillaris circulation (CC) data were recorded.

Non-Trauma Eye After Open-Globe Injury All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, which included refractive error (Nidek ARK-700A, Nidek Co., Ltd, Gamagori, Japan), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP/Fully Automatic Tonometer, NIDEK NT-2000, Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan), biometry and axial length (AL) (IOLMASTER 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), slit-lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments, Scheimflug Topography (Pentecam Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and retinal and choroidal thickness and microvascular circulation of the retina and choroid were measured and recorded with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angio™ (Topcon Corp, Japan). The BCVA was converted into the logarithm of minimal angle resolution (logMAR). Of the individuals included in the study, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), astigmatism value (AST), corneal volume (CV), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SFEQ), intraocular lens power (ILP), VA (visual acuity), central retinal thicness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), superficial retinal circulation (SRC), deep retinal circulation (DRC) and choriocapillaris circulation (CC) data were recorded. The patients were followed for approximately six months, examined at one week, one month and three months after the trauma, and a total of three measurements were taken from the subjects.

Age-, sex-matched healthy volunteers

All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, which included refractive error (Nidek ARK-700A, Nidek Co., Ltd, Gamagori, Japan), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP/Fully Automatic Tonometer, NIDEK NT-2000, Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan), biometry and axial length (AL) (IOLMASTER 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), slit-lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments, Scheimflug Topography (Pentecam Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and retinal and choroidal thickness and microvascular circulation of the retina and choroid were measured and recorded with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angio™ (Topcon Corp, Japan). The BCVA was converted into the logarithm of minimal angle resolution (logMAR). Of the individuals included in the study, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), astigmatism value (AST), corneal volume (CV), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SFEQ), intraocular lens power (ILP), VA (visual acuity), central retinal thicness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), superficial retinal circulation (SRC), deep retinal circulation (DRC) and choriocapillaris circulation (CC) data were recorded.

Non-Trauma Eye After Open-Globe Injury All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, which included refractive error (Nidek ARK-700A, Nidek Co., Ltd, Gamagori, Japan), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP/Fully Automatic Tonometer, NIDEK NT-2000, Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan), biometry and axial length (AL) (IOLMASTER 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), slit-lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments, Scheimflug Topography (Pentecam Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and retinal and choroidal thickness and microvascular circulation of the retina and choroid were measured and recorded with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angio™ (Topcon Corp, Japan). The BCVA was converted into the logarithm of minimal angle resolution (logMAR). Of the individuals included in the study, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), astigmatism value (AST), corneal volume (CV), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SFEQ), intraocular lens power (ILP), VA (visual acuity), central retinal thicness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), superficial retinal circulation (SRC), deep retinal circulation (DRC) and choriocapillaris circulation (CC) data were recorded. The patients were followed for approximately six months, examined at one week, one month and three months after the trauma, and a total of three measurements were taken from the subjects.

Age-, sex-matched healthy volunteers

All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, which included refractive error (Nidek ARK-700A, Nidek Co., Ltd, Gamagori, Japan), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP/Fully Automatic Tonometer, NIDEK NT-2000, Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan), biometry and axial length (AL) (IOLMASTER 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), slit-lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments, Scheimflug Topography (Pentecam Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and retinal and choroidal thickness and microvascular circulation of the retina and choroid were measured and recorded with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angio™ (Topcon Corp, Japan). The BCVA was converted into the logarithm of minimal angle resolution (logMAR). Of the individuals included in the study, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), astigmatism value (AST), corneal volume (CV), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SFEQ), intraocular lens power (ILP), VA (visual acuity), central retinal thicness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), superficial retinal circulation (SRC), deep retinal circulation (DRC) and choriocapillaris circulation (CC) data were recorded.