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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology | UNKNOWN |
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This study is performed in a controlled randomized, two-period crossover design to test the efficacy of Abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) exercise compared to conventional physiotherapy in chronic stroke survivors.
All participants provided written informed consent and are assigned to Group A or Group B. The inclusion criteria are Exclusion criteria are
Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise is following as:
It's for strengthening the Transversus Abdominis muscle(TrA). The simple device, that observes the pressure changes by the gauge. Subjects receive intervention 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes. From the supine position to the hook-lying position (hip joint at 40 degrees and the knee joint at 80 degrees) and pull the navel deeply to the lumbar region through the Stabilizer™ Pressure Biofeedback that stabilizes transversus abdominis muscle. At this time, subjects are controlled to maintain contraction while keep breathing lightly, to contract slowly, also to not move the pelvis and chest while exercising The device assists in body control movements of the spine and abdominal muscle.
Conventional physiotherapy is following as:
Release pain, limb stretching, mobilization of joint and pelvic movement. Subjects receive 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes. Group A received Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise for 4 weeks on period 1. Afterward washout period in a month, follow period 2 of conventional physiotherapy.
On the other side, Group B receives first conventional physiotherapy on period 1. Afterward washout period in a month, follow period 2 of Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise, afterward Sham therapy(conventional physiotherapy) | Experimental | Participants first received Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes for additional 10 min with conventional therapy. Afterward a washout period of one month, they then received sham therapy (conventional therapy_release pain or upper limb mobilization) 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes. |
|
| Sham therapy(conventional physiotherapy), afterward Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise | Experimental | Participants first received sham therapy(release pain or upper limb mobilization)2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes. Afterward a washout period of one month, they then received Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes for additional 10 min with conventional therapy |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise | Behavioral | From the supine position to the hook-lying position (hip joint at 40 degrees and the knee joint at 80 degrees) and pull the navel deeply to the lumbar region through the Stabilizer™ Pressure Biofeedback that stabilize transversus abdominis muscle. At this time, subjects are controlled to maintain contraction while keep breathing lightly, to contract slowly, also to not move the pelvis and chest while exercising |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Effect of a Particular Intervention During the Entire Course of the study_Trunk Dislocation | We defined hand movement onset as the time when tangential velocity exceeded 10% of peak velocity and movement offset as when it fell below 10%. Participants who received that particular intervention during the entire course of the study. Effect of Abdominal Drawing-In Maneuver (AIDM) exercise and Shan therapy. Dislocation distance in millimeters(mm) for reaching phase | Baseline, two period(each 4weeks), wash out(4weeks) |
| The Effect of a Particular Intervention During the Entire Course of the Study_movement Unit | We defined hand movement onset as the time when tangential velocity exceeded 10% of peak velocity and movement offset as when it fell below 10%. It was defined by velocity peaks exceeding 20mm/s, with a minimum 150 ms interval. Participants who received that particular intervention during the entire course of the study. Number of movement units for reaching phase | Baseline, two period(each 4weeks), wash out(4weeks) |
| The Effect of a Particular Intervention During the Entire Course of the Study_Elbow Angle | We defined hand movement onset as the time when tangential velocity exceeded 10% of peak velocity and movement offset as when it fell below 10% Elbow angle in degree for reaching phase Participants who received that particular intervention during the entire course of the study. -elbow angle: joining vector of acromion to lateral epicondyle and vector of lateral epicondyle and medial styloid process. | Baseline, two period(each 4weeks), wash out(4weeks) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Effect of a Particular Intervention During the Entire Course of the Study_Total Time | We defined hand movement onset as the time when tangential velocity exceeded 10% of peak velocity and movement offset as when it fell below 10%. Participants who received that particular intervention during the entire course of the study. Duration of time in second(s) for reaching phase | Baseline, two period(each 4weeks), wash out(4weeks) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS)_Stiffness of Chronic Stroke | Scoring for Biceps and Triceps
|
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jóse Casaña Granell, PhD | University of Valencia | Principal Investigator |
| Joaquin Calatayud Villalba, PhD | University of Valencia | Principal Investigator |
| Sang Hoon Kang, PhD | Ulsan National Institute of Science&Technology | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology | Ulsan | Ulju | 44919 | South Korea |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15468021 | Background | Messier S, Bourbonnais D, Desrosiers J, Roy Y. Dynamic analysis of trunk flexion after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Oct;85(10):1619-24. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.12.043. | |
| 10775539 | Background | Cirstea MC, Levin MF. Compensatory strategies for reaching in stroke. Brain. 2000 May;123 ( Pt 5):940-53. doi: 10.1093/brain/123.5.940. |
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4 participants dropped out during the washout period, leading to a smaller sample size and uneven group distribution in period 2.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Abdominal drawing-in Maneuver Exercise, Afterward Sham Therapy(Conventional Physiotherapy) | Participants first received Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes for additional 10 min with conventional therapy. Afterward a washout period of one month, they then received sham therapy (conventional therapy_release pain or upper limb mobilization) 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes. Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise: From the supine position to the hook-lying position (hip joint at 40 degrees and the knee joint at 80 degrees) and pull the navel deeply to the lumbar region through the Stabilizer™ Pressure Biofeedback that stabilize transversus abdominis muscle. At this time, subjects are controlled to maintain contraction while keep breathing lightly, to contract slowly, also to not move the pelvis and chest while exercising sham: Release pain or upper limb mobilization |
| FG001 | Sham Therapy(Conventional Physiotherapy), Afterward Abdominal drawing-in Maneuver Exercise | Participants first received sham therapy(release pain or upper limb mobilization)2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes. Afterward a washout period of one month, they then received Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes for additional 10 min with conventional therapy Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise: From the supine position to the hook-lying position (hip joint at 40 degrees and the knee joint at 80 degrees) and pull the navel deeply to the lumbar region through the Stabilizer™ Pressure Biofeedback that stabilize transversus abdominis muscle. At this time, subjects are controlled to maintain contraction while keep breathing lightly, to contract slowly, also to not move the pelvis and chest while exercising sham: Release pain or upper limb mobilization |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
Upper limb impairment was evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, which categorized participants based on the severity of impairment. To assess spasticity in the elbow flexor and extensor muscles, the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) was used. Postural control of the upper limb was assessed using the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS). The Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) was also employed to evaluate static and dynamic sitting balance and coordination. Range of motion (ROM) was assessed.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Abdominal drawing-in Maneuver Exercise, Afterward Sham Therapy(Conventional Physiotherapy) | Participants first received Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes for additional 10 min with conventional therapy. Afterward a washout period of one month, they then received sham therapy (conventional therapy_release pain or upper limb mobilization) 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes. Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise: From the supine position to the hook-lying position (hip joint at 40 degrees and the knee joint at 80 degrees) and pull the navel deeply to the lumbar region through the Stabilizer™ Pressure Biofeedback that stabilize transversus abdominis muscle. At this time, subjects are controlled to maintain contraction while keep breathing lightly, to contract slowly, also to not move the pelvis and chest while exercising sham: Release pain or upper limb mobilization |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | The Effect of a Particular Intervention During the Entire Course of the study_Trunk Dislocation | We defined hand movement onset as the time when tangential velocity exceeded 10% of peak velocity and movement offset as when it fell below 10%. Participants who received that particular intervention during the entire course of the study. Effect of Abdominal Drawing-In Maneuver (AIDM) exercise and Shan therapy. Dislocation distance in millimeters(mm) for reaching phase | Patients were randomly assigned to either Group A or Group B. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Millimeter | Baseline, two period(each 4weeks), wash out(4weeks) |
|
4 weeks after baseline measurement and after 4 weeks after period 2
Participants were monitored during exercise sessions for potential adverse events. Due to the nature of the basic abdominal exercises with conventional physiotherapy implemented in this study, no adverse events (including all-cause mortality, serious adverse events, or other adverse events) were observed or reported. The low-risk nature of the basic abdominal exercises with conventional physiotherapy contributed to this outcome.
Adverse events were monitored/assessed, but none were observed
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Abdominal drawing-in Maneuver Exercise | Participants first received Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes for additional 10 min with conventional therapy. Afterward a washout period of one month, they then received sham therapy (conventional therapy_release pain or upper limb mobilization) 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes. Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise: From the supine position to the hook-lying position (hip joint at 40 degrees and the knee joint at 80 degrees) and pull the navel deeply to the lumbar region through the Stabilizer™ Pressure Biofeedback that stabilize transversus abdominis muscle. At this time, subjects are controlled to maintain contraction while keep breathing lightly, to contract slowly, also to not move the pelvis and chest while exercising sham: Release pain or upper limb mobilization |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other (Not including Serious) Adverse Events | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Systematic Assessment |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temporal discomfort | Investigations | Systematic Assessment |
|
we must acknowledge a limitation in our study related to the influence of a carryover effect and period effect. This phenomenon may be partially explained within the context of persistence of treatment and learned behavior. Secondly, our study employed a crossover design, spanning a three-month duration. Despite random allocation, four participants dropped out during the washout period, leading to a smaller sample size and uneven group distribution in period 2.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jose casaña Granell | University of Valencia | 677361782 | jose.casana@uv.es |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Jul 19, 2022 | Jan 12, 2025 | Prot_000.pdf |
| SAP | No | Yes | No | Statistical Analysis Plan | Jul 20, 2022 | Jan 18, 2025 | SAP_001.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020521 | Stroke |
| D006429 | Hemiplegia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C005703 | salicylhydroxamic acid |
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One group is the abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise, afterward conventional physiotherapy in Participants With stroke survivors. On the contrary, Another group is conventional physiotherapy afterward the abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise.
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Double-blind.
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|
| sham | Behavioral | Release pain or upper limb mobilization |
|
|
| The Effect of a Particular Intervention During the Entire Course of the Study_Hand Velocity | We defined hand movement onset as the time when tangential velocity exceeded 10% of peak velocity and movement offset as when it fell below 10%. Participants who received that particular intervention during the entire course of the study. We analyzed peak hand velocity (mm/s) as velocity per unit time | Baseline, two period(each 4weeks), wash out(4weeks) |
| The Effect of a Particular Intervention During the Entire Course of the Study_Elbow Angular Velocity | We defined hand movement onset as the time when tangential velocity exceeded 10% of peak velocity and movement offset as when it fell below 10%. Participants who received that particular intervention during the entire course of the study. Peak angular velocity (rad/s) for the elbow were assessed during extension. | Baseline, two period(each 4weeks), wash out(4weeks) |
| Baseline |
| Fugl Meyer Assessment(FMA)_Health Status Chronic Stroke | Upper extremity(UE) Commonly used FMA-UE cutoff scores defined each category: 0 to 20 severe, 21 to 50 moderate, and 51 to 66 mild.
| Baseline |
| 22234665 | Background | Velozo CA, Woodbury ML. Translating measurement findings into rehabilitation practice: an example using Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity with patients following stroke. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2011;48(10):1211-22. doi: 10.1682/jrrd.2010.10.0203. |
| 15137564 | Background | Verheyden G, Nieuwboer A, Mertin J, Preger R, Kiekens C, De Weerdt W. The Trunk Impairment Scale: a new tool to measure motor impairment of the trunk after stroke. Clin Rehabil. 2004 May;18(3):326-34. doi: 10.1191/0269215504cr733oa. |
| 33297451 | Background | Lee PY, Huang JC, Tseng HY, Yang YC, Lin SI. Effects of Trunk Exercise on Unstable Surfaces in Persons with Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 7;17(23):9135. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17239135. |
| 32545550 | Background | Kelli A, Kellis E, Galanis N, Dafkou K, Sahinis C, Ellinoudis A. Transversus Abdominis Thickness at Rest and Exercise in Individuals with Poststroke Hemiparesis. Sports (Basel). 2020 Jun 12;8(6):86. doi: 10.3390/sports8060086. |
| 27821673 | Result | Haruyama K, Kawakami M, Otsuka T. Effect of Core Stability Training on Trunk Function, Standing Balance, and Mobility in Stroke Patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2017 Mar;31(3):240-249. doi: 10.1177/1545968316675431. Epub 2016 Nov 9. |
| 24481598 | Result | Wu CY, Liing RJ, Chen HC, Chen CL, Lin KC. Arm and trunk movement kinematics during seated reaching within and beyond arm's length in people with stroke: a validity study. Phys Ther. 2014 Jun;94(6):845-56. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20130101. Epub 2014 Jan 30. |
| BG001 | Sham Therapy(Conventional Physiotherapy), Afterward Abdominal drawing-in Maneuver Exercise | Participants first received sham therapy(release pain or upper limb mobilization)2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes. Afterward a washout period of one month, they then received Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes for additional 10 min with conventional therapy Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise: From the supine position to the hook-lying position (hip joint at 40 degrees and the knee joint at 80 degrees) and pull the navel deeply to the lumbar region through the Stabilizer™ Pressure Biofeedback that stabilize transversus abdominis muscle. At this time, subjects are controlled to maintain contraction while keep breathing lightly, to contract slowly, also to not move the pelvis and chest while exercising sham: Release pain or upper limb mobilization |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant. | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Fugl-Meyer Assessment | Measure Description: Inclusion criteria: FMA upper extremity score < 60 points (In sitting position, the sum of each subtotal score is 66 (maximum) and the minimum is 0. Subscales were summed to compute a total score. Cutoff scores defined 0~20: severe, 21 ~ 50: moderate, 51~66: mild 1) Reflex activity_max 4 score, 2) Volitional movement within synergies_ max 18, 3) Volitional movement mixing synergies_ max 6, 4) Volitional movement with little or no synergy_ max 6, 5) Normal reflex activity_max 2, 6) Wrist movement_ max 10, 7) Hand movement with grasp_ max 14, 8) coordination/speed_max 6. | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on subscale |
|
| Onset | Mean | Standard Deviation | Months |
|
| Height | Mean | Standard Deviation | centimeter |
|
| Side of paralysis | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke | The Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS) evaluates postural control in stroke patients, with scores ranging from 0-36 points, where higher scores indicate better functional recovery. 1) Sitting without support 2,3) Standing with(without) support 4,5) Standing on (non)paretic leg 6) Supine to affected side lateral 7) Supine to non-affected side lateral 8) Supine to sitting up on the edge of the table 9) Sitting on the edge of the table to supine 10) Sitting to standing up 11) Standing up to sitting down 12) Standing, picking up a pencil from the floor | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| Trunk Impairment Scale for stroke | The Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) for stroke has a total score of 23 points, with higher scores indicating better trunk control ability. TIS components: Static sitting balance - 7 points Dynamic sitting balance - 10 points Coordination - 6 points 23 points = Optimal trunk control ability (normal performance of all items) 0 points = Minimal trunk control ability (unable to perform)
| Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| OG001 | Sham Therapy(Conventional Physiotherapy) | Participants first received sham therapy(release pain or upper limb mobilization)2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes. Afterward a washout period of one month, they then received Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes for additional 10 min with conventional therapy Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise: From the supine position to the hook-lying position (hip joint at 40 degrees and the knee joint at 80 degrees) and pull the navel deeply to the lumbar region through the Stabilizer™ Pressure Biofeedback that stabilize transversus abdominis muscle. At this time, subjects are controlled to maintain contraction while keep breathing lightly, to contract slowly, also to not move the pelvis and chest while exercising sham: Release pain or upper limb mobilization |
|
|
|
| Primary | The Effect of a Particular Intervention During the Entire Course of the Study_movement Unit | We defined hand movement onset as the time when tangential velocity exceeded 10% of peak velocity and movement offset as when it fell below 10%. It was defined by velocity peaks exceeding 20mm/s, with a minimum 150 ms interval. Participants who received that particular intervention during the entire course of the study. Number of movement units for reaching phase | patients were randomly assigned to either Group A or Group B | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Number of movements | Baseline, two period(each 4weeks), wash out(4weeks) |
|
|
|
|
| Primary | The Effect of a Particular Intervention During the Entire Course of the Study_Elbow Angle | We defined hand movement onset as the time when tangential velocity exceeded 10% of peak velocity and movement offset as when it fell below 10% Elbow angle in degree for reaching phase Participants who received that particular intervention during the entire course of the study. -elbow angle: joining vector of acromion to lateral epicondyle and vector of lateral epicondyle and medial styloid process. | Analysis population description: patients were randomly assigned to either Group A or Group B | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | degree on angle | Baseline, two period(each 4weeks), wash out(4weeks) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | The Effect of a Particular Intervention During the Entire Course of the Study_Total Time | We defined hand movement onset as the time when tangential velocity exceeded 10% of peak velocity and movement offset as when it fell below 10%. Participants who received that particular intervention during the entire course of the study. Duration of time in second(s) for reaching phase | Analysis population description: patients were randomly assigned to either Group A or Group B | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Second on time | Baseline, two period(each 4weeks), wash out(4weeks) |
|
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|
|
| Secondary | The Effect of a Particular Intervention During the Entire Course of the Study_Hand Velocity | We defined hand movement onset as the time when tangential velocity exceeded 10% of peak velocity and movement offset as when it fell below 10%. Participants who received that particular intervention during the entire course of the study. We analyzed peak hand velocity (mm/s) as velocity per unit time | Analysis population description: patients were randomly assigned to either Group A or Group B | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Millimeter per second on time | Baseline, two period(each 4weeks), wash out(4weeks) |
|
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|
|
| Secondary | The Effect of a Particular Intervention During the Entire Course of the Study_Elbow Angular Velocity | We defined hand movement onset as the time when tangential velocity exceeded 10% of peak velocity and movement offset as when it fell below 10%. Participants who received that particular intervention during the entire course of the study. Peak angular velocity (rad/s) for the elbow were assessed during extension. | Analysis population description: patients were randomly assigned to either Group A or Group B | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Degree per second on time | Baseline, two period(each 4weeks), wash out(4weeks) |
|
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| Other Pre-specified | Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS)_Stiffness of Chronic Stroke | Scoring for Biceps and Triceps
| Analysis population description: patients were randomly assigned to either Group A or Group B | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | Score on a scale | Baseline |
|
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| Other Pre-specified | Fugl Meyer Assessment(FMA)_Health Status Chronic Stroke | Upper extremity(UE) Commonly used FMA-UE cutoff scores defined each category: 0 to 20 severe, 21 to 50 moderate, and 51 to 66 mild.
| Analysis population description: patients were randomly assigned to either Group A or Group B | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a subscale | Baseline |
|
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|
|
| 0 |
| 16 |
| 0 |
| 16 |
| 0 |
| 16 |
| EG001 | Sham Therapy(Conventional Physiotherapy) | Participants first received sham therapy(release pain or upper limb mobilization)2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes. Afterward a washout period of one month, they then received Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Each session is 40 minutes for additional 10 min with conventional therapy Abdominal drawing-in maneuver exercise: From the supine position to the hook-lying position (hip joint at 40 degrees and the knee joint at 80 degrees) and pull the navel deeply to the lumbar region through the Stabilizer™ Pressure Biofeedback that stabilize transversus abdominis muscle. At this time, subjects are controlled to maintain contraction while keep breathing lightly, to contract slowly, also to not move the pelvis and chest while exercising sham: Release pain or upper limb mobilization | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 |
|
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| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D010243 | Paralysis |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |