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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare | OTHER_GOV |
| Metropolia University of Applied Sciences | OTHER |
| Kanta-Häme Central Hospital | OTHER_GOV |
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The purpose of the study is to develop and pilot an intervention for the treatment of fear of childbirth for multiparas and to evaluate the feasibility of the intervention in the treatment of fear of childbirth in multiparas.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pilot intervention for multiparas with fear of childbirth | Other | A group intervention with four meetings and one telephone call. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| An group intervention for multiparas with fear of childbirth | Other | The intervention consists of 4 group meetings, three during pregnancy and once after giving birth. It also includes a phone call. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change of Fear of Childbirth from baseline to pregnancy week 36 to 8 weeks after birth | The FOBS (Fear of Birth scale) is a validated, self-reported instrument assessing fear of childbirth. Possible scores range from 0 (no fear) to 100 (worst possible fear). Change= (week 36 score - baseline score and 8 weeks after birth - baseline). | Baseline, week 36 of pregnancy and 8 weeks after birth |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Depression | EPDS (Edinburgh postnatal depression scale) is a validated, self-reported instrument assessing depression.Change= (week 36 score - baseline score and 8 weeks after birth - baseline). Possible scores range from 0 to 30 points. A higher score pointing towards a worse outcome. | Baseline, week 36 of pregnancy and 8 weeks after birth |
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Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Laura Sandström, MHSc | Tampere University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kanta-Hämeen Keskussairaala | Hämeenlinna | Finland |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40405826 | Derived | Sandstrom L, Kaunonen M, Huhtala H, Aho AL. Evaluating a Group-Based Intervention Addressing Fear of Childbirth in Multiparous Pregnant Women: A Mixed Methods Feasibility Study. J Adv Nurs. 2026 Apr;82(4):3872-3890. doi: 10.1111/jan.17073. Epub 2025 May 23. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D003863 | Depression |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Anxiety |
HADS-A (Hospital Anxiety and depression scale - anxiety) is a validated, self-reported instrument assessing anxiety. Change= (week 36 score - baseline score and 8 weeks after birth - baseline).Possible scores range from 0 to 21 points. A higher score pointing towards a worse outcome. |
| Baseline, week 36 of pregnancy and 8 weeks after birth |
| Childbirth experience | CPS (Childbirth perception scale) is a validated, self-reported instrument assessing childbirth experience. Possible scores range from 0 to 48 points. A higher score pointing towards a worse outcome. | Only one measurement point, at 8-weeks after birth. |
| Pregnancy related anxiety | PRAQ-R2 (Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire for multiparas) is a validated, self-reported instrument assessing pregnancy related anxiety. Possible scores range from 10 to 50 points. A lower score pointing towards a worse outcome. | Baseline and week 36 of pregnancy |
| Maternal childbirth experience | VAS (the visual analogue scale) is a ten-point horizontal line with verbal anchors at the extremes of the scale, where higher scores mean better outcomes. The minimum value is 1, and maximum value is 10. VAS has been used to measure the childbirth experience or satisfaction with the childbirth experience in various studies. In addition, VAS has been successfully tested against more detailed measurement instruments, such as the childbirth experience questionnaire (CEQ) and the Wijma Delivery Expectations / Experience Questionnaire (WDEQ-B). | Only one measurement point, at 8-weeks after birth. |