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Dental caries is a complex multifactorial disease that is strongly related to and influenced by the children's dietary habits, sugar intake, salivary flow, salivary fluoride level, and preventive behaviors. Based on the literature, other factors can affect child dental caries including the influence of social factors, such as the family environment. To avoid suffering from dental caries, preventive oral hygiene practices beginning in childhood are crucial. However, parents are the primary providers of oral health care for their children and they generally play a pivotal role in the overall health and oral health of both children and adolescents. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of maternal mental health in the form of depression, anxiety, or stress and their perceived social support on the oral health status and OHRQoL of their children.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Egyptian mothers-children pairs | Egyptian mothers-children pairs attending the Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University will be recruited. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interview-based questionnaires & Clinical examination | Diagnostic Test | Interview-based questionnaires will be conducted among Egyptian mothers attending Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health outpatient clinic at Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University by the principal investigator. Clinical examination of the oral health status of their preschool children aged 3-5 years will be conducted by the principal investigator. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The presence of maternal mental issue in the form of depression, anxiety, or stress | The mental health of Egyptian mothers is assessed through the validated Arabic form of the depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21). | 1 year |
| The caries experience of their children (aged 3-5 years) | Dental caries experience is estimated by calculating the three components (decayed, missed, and filled) of the dmft index for primary teeth according to World Health Organization (WHO). | 1 year |
| The oral hygiene status of their children (aged 3-5 years) | Oral hygiene is assessed by the debris component of the modified form of Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) that can be used for deciduous teeth. | 1 year |
| Oral health-related quality of life of their children | A validated Arabic version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) is used to examine mothers' perceptions of their preschool children's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). | 1 year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The perceived social support of Egyptian mothers | The perceived social support of Egyptian mothers is assessed by the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (Arabic- MSPSS). | 1 year |
| The oral health-related behaviors of their children |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Egyptian mothers-children pairs: preschool children of both sexes aged 3-5 years who have a full set of primary dentition and their mothers.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University | Cairo | 11566 | Egypt |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32122215 | Background | GBD 2017 Oral Disorders Collaborators; Bernabe E, Marcenes W, Hernandez CR, Bailey J, Abreu LG, Alipour V, Amini S, Arabloo J, Arefi Z, Arora A, Ayanore MA, Barnighausen TW, Bijani A, Cho DY, Chu DT, Crowe CS, Demoz GT, Demsie DG, Dibaji Forooshani ZS, Du M, El Tantawi M, Fischer F, Folayan MO, Futran ND, Geramo YCD, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hariyani N, Hasanzadeh A, Hassanipour S, Hay SI, Hole MK, Hostiuc S, Ilic MD, James SL, Kalhor R, Kemmer L, Keramati M, Khader YS, Kisa S, Kisa A, Koyanagi A, Lalloo R, Le Nguyen Q, London SD, Manohar ND, Massenburg BB, Mathur MR, Meles HG, Mestrovic T, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mokdad AH, Morrison SD, Nazari J, Nguyen TH, Nguyen CT, Nixon MR, Olagunju TO, Pakshir K, Pathak M, Rabiee N, Rafiei A, Ramezanzadeh K, Rios-Blancas MJ, Roro EM, Sabour S, Samy AM, Sawhney M, Schwendicke F, Shaahmadi F, Shaikh MA, Stein C, Tovani-Palone MR, Tran BX, Unnikrishnan B, Vu GT, Vukovic A, Warouw TSS, Zaidi Z, Zhang ZJ, Kassebaum NJ. Global, Regional, and National Levels and Trends in Burden of Oral Conditions from 1990 to 2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study. J Dent Res. 2020 Apr;99(4):362-373. doi: 10.1177/0022034520908533. Epub 2020 Mar 2. | |
| 28132053 |
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Egyptian mothers are asked five questions about their children's snacking habit, frequency of tooth brushing, brushing with or without adult assistance, and dental visit utilization and pattern. These questions were adopted from previous similar studies in English and then were translated into Arabic.
| 1 year |
| The perception of Egyptian mothers about the dental health status of their children | Participants are asked to rate the dental health status of their children on a 5-point scale from 'very good' to 'very poor'. | 1 year |
| Background |
| Lorber MF, Maisson DJ, Slep AM, Heyman RE, Wolff MS. Mechanisms Linking Interparental Aggression to Child Dental Caries. Caries Res. 2017;51(2):149-159. doi: 10.1159/000453672. Epub 2017 Jan 28. |
| 34326593 | Background | Alshammari FS, Alshammari RA, Alshammari MH, Alshammari MF, Alibrahim AK, Al Sineedi FA, Alkurdi KA, Alshammari AF. Parental Awareness and Knowledge toward their Children's Oral Health in the City of Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2021 Jan-Feb;14(1):100-103. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1894. |
| 21029148 | Background | Abanto J, Carvalho TS, Mendes FM, Wanderley MT, Bonecker M, Raggio DP. Impact of oral diseases and disorders on oral health-related quality of life of preschool children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2011 Apr;39(2):105-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00580.x. Epub 2010 Oct 5. |
| 25197739 | Background | Alkan A, Cakmak O, Yilmaz S, Cebi T, Gurgan C. Relationship Between Psychological Factors and Oral Health Status and Behaviours. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2015;13(4):331-9. doi: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a32679. |
| 28417515 | Background | Costa FDS, Azevedo MS, Ardenghi TM, Pinheiro RT, Demarco FF, Goettems ML. Do maternal depression and anxiety influence children's oral health-related quality of life? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2017 Oct;45(5):398-406. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12303. Epub 2017 Apr 17. |
| 30144198 | Background | Gavic L, Tadin A, Mihanovic I, Gorseta K, Cigic L. The role of parental anxiety, depression, and psychological stress level on the development of early-childhood caries in children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2018 Nov;28(6):616-623. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12419. Epub 2018 Aug 24. |
| 31171071 | Background | Burgette JM, Polk DE, Shah N, Malik A, Crout RJ, Mcneil DW, Foxman B, Weyant RJ, Marazita ML. Mother's Perceived Social Support and Children's Dental Caries in Northern Appalachia. Pediatr Dent. 2019 May 15;41(3):200-205. |
| 33553792 | Background | Mohammad S, Almakran IW, Al-Montashri AS, Mursi AM, Alharbi SM, Pasha TS, Khalid I. Depression, anxiety and stress and their associated social determinants in the Saudi college students. Health Psychol Res. 2020 Dec 30;8(3):9263. doi: 10.4081/hpr.2020.9263. eCollection 2020 Dec 30. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010808 | Physical Examination |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
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