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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Federal Emergency Management Agency | FED |
| National Fallen Firefighters Foundation | UNKNOWN |
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The overarching goal is to develop, refine and disseminate a comprehensive, easily accessible and effective Total Worker Health (TWH) program for wildland firefighters (WFF).
The term Total Worker Health® (TWH) (NIOSH) refers to the synergistic combination of 1) health promotion (e.g., healthy nutrition, exercise, restorative sleep), 2) worker safety issues, such as protective equipment and hazard control, merged with 3) work organization change to support and promote TWH.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Needs Assessment and Total Worker Health Program | Experimental | The initial phase was a needs assessment for wildland firefighters across segments and geographic locations to identify and prioritize program components. During the first phase, we recruited firefighters and collected baseline data in order to assess their needs using surveys for quantitative data and interviews and focus groups for qualitative data. The total worker health program includes 14, 30-minute modules on health topics highlighted during the needs assessment phase. Participants completed the program either individually or as part of a group. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Worker Health for Wildland Firefighters | Other | The program is structured as 30-minute modules that can be done individually, with a partner, as a group or in a classroom setting. The six core modules are supplemented with eight elective modules. The program can be accessed on a smartphone, tablet or computer, and if needed can be downloaded as a pdf. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Cardiovascular Risk Knowledge | Change in cardiovascular risk knowledge was assessed using this survey question: "I know my risk factors for cardiovascular disease.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Physical Activity | Change in physical activity was assessed using this survey question: "On average, I get 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week (including your work).". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Supplement Knowledge | Change in supplement knowledge was assessed using this survey question: "I need supplements to balance the additional nutritional needs of being a wildland firefighter.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Hydration Knowledge | Change in hydration knowledge was assessed using the survey questions: "Camelback systems are more effective for maintaining hydration than canteens." and "Dehydration begins to affect performance when fluid loss equals 2% of body weight.". Both were measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Nutrition Knowledge | Change in nutrition knowledge was assessed using the survey questions: "Carbohydrates are the primary fuel for moderate to intense physical activity." and "Protein is contained in many foods, including bread and rice.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Body Mass Index | Change in body mass index was measured in kg/m2. | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oregon Health & Science University | Portland | Oregon | 97239 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20458016 | Background | Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA 3rd, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-Roux AV, Holguin F, Hong Y, Luepker RV, Mittleman MA, Peters A, Siscovick D, Smith SC Jr, Whitsel L, Kaufman JD; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism. Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010 Jun 1;121(21):2331-78. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1. Epub 2010 May 10. | |
| 24996680 |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| an open source, cloud-based, software that allows researchers to sort "cards" into different categories. | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D000070263 | Sleep Hygiene |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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This mixed-methods project had three phases. The initial qualitative phase was assessing the needs of wildland firefighters across segments and geographic locations to identify and prioritize program components. During the first phase, we recruited firefighters and collected baseline data in order to assess their needs. The second phase was to build a comprehensive, engaging TWH program for those fighting wildfires. It needed to be accessible on smartphone, tablet or computer, and suitable for individual, group and classroom settings. The final, third phase was to evaluate the program with a prospective proof-of-concept, usability and effectiveness trial among all types of wildland firefighters in different geographic locations.
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| 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Alcohol Knowledge | Change in alcohol knowledge was assessed using the survey questions: "I know the definition of binge drinking." and " Drinking alcohol increases my cancer risk.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Sleep Knowledge | Change in sleep knowledge was assessed using the survey questions: "Power naps (15 to 30 minutes) will restore alertness and reduce accidents." and "Staying awake for 24 hours is equivalent to having a blood alcohol level greater than 0.08, the legal limit." and "Getting less than 5 hours of sleep lowers testosterone levels equal to someone 10 years older.". Both were measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Mental Health Behavior | Change in mental health behavior was assessed using the survey questions: "I am able to bounce back from stressful events." and "In general, I manage stress in a healthy way.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Blood Pressure Knowledge | Change in blood pressure knowledge was assessed using this survey question: "I know my blood pressure.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change In Nutrition Behavior | Change in nutrition behavior was assessed using this survey question: "I intend to eat every 2 hours while doing arduous wildland firefighting.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Cancer Risk Knowledge | Change in cancer risk knowledge was assessed using this survey question: "I know my risk factors for cancer.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Alcohol Behavior with Sleep | Change in alcohol behavior was assessed using this survey question: "I use alcohol to get to sleep.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Primary Care Behavior | Change in primary care behavior was assessed using this survey question: "It is important for me to have a primary care physician.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Physical Activity Perception | Change in physical activity perception was assessed using this survey question: "I can get in shape two weeks before a wildland fire season.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Mental Health Self Perception | Change in mental health self perception was assessed using the survey questions: "I feel overwhelmed with my work." and "During the last month, I felt significantly depressed.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Alcohol Cancer Risk Knowledge | Change in alcohol cancer risk knowledge was assessed using this survey question: "Drinking alcohol increases my cancer risk.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Alcohol Behavior | Change in alcohol behavior was assessed using this survey question: "I am currently trying to moderate my drinking.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Support Perception | Change in support perception was assessed using this survey question: "I can rely on people at work to support me.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Sleep Hygiene Behavior | Change in sleep hygiene behavior was assessed using this survey question: "Before going to sleep, I wipe soot and ash from my skin.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Cardiovascular Risk Behavior | Change in cardiovascular risk behavior was assessed using this survey question: "I intend to keep track of my risks for cardiovascular disease.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Physical Exam Behavior | Change in physical exam behavior was assessed using this survey question: "I intend to get a physical exam once a year.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Heat Illness Knowledge | Change in heat illness knowledge was assessed using this survey question: "When feeling over heated, the first thing to do is stop working.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Change in Injury Knowledge | Change in injury knowledge was assessed using this survey question: "On steep and rocky terrain, it is best to move quickly to reduce risk of injury.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 0 weeks to 14 weeks |
| Program Usability and Effectiveness | Program usability and effectiveness was assessed using the survey question: "During the program, the educational modules were valuable for improving my health." and "This program was easy to use." and "This was an efficient way to learn the material." and "I learned ways to improve my health." and "These topics should be part of our training." and "I would recommend this program to my co-workers.". This was measured using a seven-point Likert agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). | 14 weeks |
| Technology Used for Program | Technology used for program was assessed using the survey question: "I primarily used this program on:" The options were 1) Phone, 2) Tablet, 3) Computer, 4) Other. For other, space was provided for participants to write in their answer. | 14 weeks |
| How the Program was Completed | How the program was completed was assessed using the survey question: "I primarily used this program on:" The options were 1) By myself, 2) With other firefighters, 3) With my family, 4) Other. For other, space was provided for participants to write in their answer. | 14 weeks |
| Background |
| Fritschi L, Glass DC. Firefighters and cancer: where are we and where to now? Occup Environ Med. 2014 Aug;71(8):525-6. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102230. Epub 2014 Jul 4. No abstract available. |
| 17377158 | Background | Kales SN, Soteriades ES, Christophi CA, Christiani DC. Emergency duties and deaths from heart disease among firefighters in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2007 Mar 22;356(12):1207-15. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa060357. |
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| 26792645 | Background | Semmens EO, Domitrovich J, Conway K, Noonan CW. A cross-sectional survey of occupational history as a wildland firefighter and health. Am J Ind Med. 2016 Apr;59(4):330-5. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22566. Epub 2016 Jan 21. |
| 23158597 | Background | Britton C, Lynch CF, Ramirez M, Torner J, Buresh C, Peek-Asa C. Epidemiology of injuries to wildland firefighters. Am J Emerg Med. 2013 Feb;31(2):339-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2012.08.032. Epub 2012 Nov 15. |
| 26452576 | Background | Vincent GE, Aisbett B, Hall SJ, Ferguson SA. Fighting fire and fatigue: sleep quantity and quality during multi-day wildfire suppression. Ergonomics. 2016 Jul;59(7):932-40. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2015.1105389. Epub 2015 Dec 18. |
| 24569086 | Background | Clement S, Schauman O, Graham T, Maggioni F, Evans-Lacko S, Bezborodovs N, Morgan C, Rusch N, Brown JS, Thornicroft G. What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. Psychol Med. 2015 Jan;45(1):11-27. doi: 10.1017/S0033291714000129. Epub 2014 Feb 26. |
| 24847475 | Background | Kuehl KS, Elliot DL, Goldberg L, MacKinnon DP, Vila BJ, Smith J, Miocevic M, O'Rourke HP, Valente MJ, DeFrancesco C, Sleigh A, McGinnis W. The safety and health improvement: enhancing law enforcement departments study: feasibility and findings. Front Public Health. 2014 May 8;2:38. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00038. eCollection 2014. |
| 27158956 | Background | Kuehl KS, Elliot DL, MacKinnon DP, O'Rourke HP, DeFrancesco C, Miocevic M, Valente M, Sleigh A, Garg B, McGinnis W, Kuehl H. The SHIELD (Safety & Health Improvement: Enhancing Law Enforcement Departments) Study: Mixed Methods Longitudinal Findings. J Occup Environ Med. 2016 May;58(5):492-8. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000716. |
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| 28740688 | Background | Chen SY, Feng Z, Yi X. A general introduction to adjustment for multiple comparisons. J Thorac Dis. 2017 Jun;9(6):1725-1729. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2017.05.34. |
| 37878362 | Derived | Kuehl K, Elliot D, DeFrancesco C, McGinnis W, Ek S, Garg B. A Web-Based Total Worker Health Intervention for Those Fighting Wildland Fires: Mixed Methods Development and Effectiveness Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2023 Oct 25;25:e47050. doi: 10.2196/47050. |
| an open source, cloud-based, qualitative software | View source |
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