Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Hebrew SeniorLife | OTHER |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The purpose of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility of delivering a multicomponent prehabilitation and measuring patient-centered outcomes in older adults undergoing major surgery.
We will assess the feasibility of delivering a multicomponent prehabilitation, which consists of exercise (supervised by physical therapist), nutritional intervention (nutritional supplement and group education), meditation (group class), and cognitive behavioral intervention over 3-4 weeks before major elective abdominal, gynecological oncologic, urologic surgery, and cardiovascular procedures. We will also measure patient-centered outcomes (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) at 30 and 90 days after surgery. The target enrollment is 30 patients.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prehabilitation | Experimental | This group will receive a multicomponent prehabilitation intervention (exercise, nutritional intervention, meditation, and cognitive behavioral intervention) for 3-4 weeks prior to surgery. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise | Behavioral | Physical therapy targeting flexibility, strength, and endurance will be delivered at the participant's home, center-based, or virtually via a twice-weekly (on average) schedule to provide a total of about 6-8 sessions during the 3-4 week study period. Participants will be asked to participate in self-directed exercise for at least 30 minutes per day for 4 or more days per week. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Feasibility of the Prehabilitation Program | Measurement: Percentage of patients to whom we can deliver an adequate dose (≥50% of the planned sessions) of the 3 core interventions: physical therapy (≥4/8 sessions), nutrition (≥2/3-4 sessions), and meditation (≥2/3-4 sessions). Range: 0-100% (higher values indicate higher feasibility). | Post-intervention (up to 4 weeks) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in 5-chair Stand Test Time | Measurement: Time to complete 5 chair stands (seconds), post-prehabilitation (up to 4 weeks) minus pre-prehabilitation baseline Range: 0 to 60 seconds Interpretation: Higher values indicate worse lower extremity strength. | Between pre-intervention baseline and post-intervention (up to 4 weeks) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) Physical Function T Score | Measurement: Self-reported measure of physical function, 90 days after surgery minus pre-intervention baseline Range: Standardized score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better physical function | Between pre-intervention baseline and 90 days after surgery |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Dae Hyun Kim, MD, ScD | Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center | Boston | Massachusetts | 02115 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41668027 | Derived | Wang KY, Nguyen CY, Xu K, Liu Y, Newmeyer N, Alshanniek S, Palmer JA, Kim DH. Barriers and facilitators to prehabilitation participation among older adults undergoing major elective surgery: a qualitative study using the capability, opportunity, motivation - behavior model. BMC Geriatr. 2026 Feb 11;26(1):577. doi: 10.1186/s12877-026-07101-w. | |
| 40916355 |
Not provided
Not provided
Because this is a feasibility study of a multicomponent prehabilitation intervention, we do not plan to share individual participant data to other researchers.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
30 patients were enrolled in the single-arm trial.
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Prehabilitation: An Individualized, Multi-component Program | This single-arm trial was conducted at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (enrollment site) and Hebrew Rehabilitation Center (intervention site) in Boston, Massachusetts, from March 2023 to January 2025. Patients 65 years or older scheduled for major abdominal, gynecological oncologic, urologic, and cardiovascular procedures were eligible. The program included the following components:
|
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Prehabilitation: An Individualized, Multi-component Program | This single-arm trial was conducted at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (enrollment site) and Hebrew Rehabilitation Center (intervention site) in Boston, Massachusetts, from March 2023 to January 2025. Patients 65 years or older scheduled for major abdominal, gynecological oncologic, urologic, and cardiovascular procedures were eligible. The program included the following components:
|
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Feasibility of the Prehabilitation Program | Measurement: Percentage of patients to whom we can deliver an adequate dose (≥50% of the planned sessions) of the 3 core interventions: physical therapy (≥4/8 sessions), nutrition (≥2/3-4 sessions), and meditation (≥2/3-4 sessions). Range: 0-100% (higher values indicate higher feasibility). | This was calculated in 28 patients who initiated the intervention. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Post-intervention (up to 4 weeks) |
|
From enrollment until 90 days post-surgery
Note: Adverse events and all-cause mortality were collected from 28 participants who initiated the intervention. Postoperative outcomes were collected from 23 participants who underwent surgery.
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Prehabilitation | This group will receive a multicomponent prehabilitation intervention (exercise, nutritional intervention, meditation, and cognitive behavioral intervention) for 3-4 weeks prior to surgery. |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esophageal bleeding | Gastrointestinal disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gastrointestinal discomforts | Gastrointestinal disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
The absence of a control group without prehabilitation does not allow evaluation of the intervention effect. The prehabilitation program was delivered by a clinical team with extensive experience in geriatric care. The feasibility in our study may not generalize to patients treated at other hospitals.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dae Hyun Kim | Hebrew Rehabilitation Center, Hebrew SeniorLife | 6179715362 | daehyunkim@hsl.harvard.edu |
Not provided
| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Sep 6, 2023 | Sep 20, 2025 | Prot_SAP_001.pdf |
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073496 | Frailty |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009752 | Nutritional Status |
| D019122 | Meditation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| Nutrition | Behavioral | One-hour virtual group nutrition education classes will be held once per week by a dietitian, focusing on optimal protein intake (1.2 grams per kg of body weight) for lean body mass preservation (from food sources and oral nutritional supplements) and muscle gain. Participants will also receive oral nutritional supplements (20-30 grams of protein/day provided by our study team). |
|
| Meditation | Behavioral | One-hour virtual group meditation sessions will be held once per week by an experienced meditation teacher. Classes will focus on breathing techniques, yoga, and mindful meditation practices. Participants will be asked to participate in self-directed meditation for at least 12 minutes daily. |
|
| Cognitive Behavioral Intervention | Behavioral | A 30-min telephone-based session with individual patients will take place to deliver cognitive behavioral strategies once per week by a professionally trained clinician. These strategies include education about frailty and surgery, increasing positive beliefs of the benefits of exercise and nutrition, discussing barriers, setting individualized goals for surgery and recovery, developing a detailed exercise and nutrition plan (including logistics), self-monitoring of progress using weekly exercise, diet, and meditation logs, and enhancing self-efficacy through the celebration of small wins. |
|
| Change in Dominant Handgrip Strength |
Measurement: Average of 3 measurements of dominant handgrip strength (kilograms) measured using a Jamar dynamometer, post-prehabilitation (up to 4 weeks) minus pre-prehabilitation baseline Range: 0 to 60 kilograms Interpretation: Higher values indicate greater muscle strength |
| Between pre-intervention baseline and post-intervention (up to 4 weeks) |
| Adherence to Exercise | Measurement: percentage of physical therapy sessions attended Range: 0-100% (higher values indicate better adherence) | Post-intervention (up to 4 weeks) |
| Adherence to Nutrition | Measurement: percentage of nutrition sessions attended Range: 0-100% (higher values indicate better adherence) | Post-intervention (up to 4 weeks) |
| Adherence to Meditation | Measurement: percentage of meditation sessions attended Range: 0-100% (higher values indicate better adherence) | Post-intervention (up to 4 weeks) |
| Adverse Events | Measurement: percentage of patients who experience any adverse events per self-report Range: 0-100% (higher values indicate more adverse events) | Between pre-intervention baseline and post-intervention (up to 4 weeks) |
| Change in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) Anxiety T Score | Measurement: Self-reported measure of anxiety, 90 days after surgery minus pre-intervention baseline Range: Standardized score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater anxiety | Between pre-intervention baseline and 90 days after surgery |
| Change in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) Depression T Score | Measurement: Self-reported measure of depression, 90 days after surgery minus pre-intervention baseline Range: Standardized score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate more depressive mood | Between pre-intervention baseline and 90 days after surgery |
| Change in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) Fatigue T Score | Measurement: Self-reported measure of fatigue, 90 days after surgery minus pre-intervention baseline Range: Standardized score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate worse fatigue | Between pre-intervention baseline and 90 days after surgery |
| Change in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) Sleep Disturbance T Score | Measurement: Self-reported measure of sleep disturbance, 90 days after surgery minus pre-intervention baseline Range: Standardized score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater sleep disturbance | Between pre-intervention baseline and 90 days after surgery |
| Change in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) Social Roles/Activities Participation T Score | Measurement: Self-reported measure of participation in social roles/activities, 90 days after surgery minus pre-intervention baseline Range: Standardized score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater participation in social roles/activities | Between pre-intervention baseline and 90 days after surgery |
| Change in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) Pain Interference T Score | Measurement: Self-reported measure of pain interference, 90 days after surgery minus pre-intervention baseline Range: Standardized score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater pain interference | Between pre-intervention baseline and 90 days after surgery |
| Change in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) Pain Intensity Score | Measurement: Self-reported measure of pain intensity, 90 days after surgery minus pre-intervention baseline Range: 0 to 10 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity | Between pre-intervention baseline and 90 days after surgery |
| 3-D Confusion Assessment Method | Measurement: percentage of patients who develop delirium according to 3-D Confusion Assessment Method within 3 days of surgery | Between postoperative day 1 and day 3 |
| Comprehensive Complication Index | Measurement: a composite complication grading system by Clavien-Dindo Classification (CDC) after an intervention Range: 0 (no complications) to 100 (death) Interpretation: Higher scores indicate more severe complications | 1 month after surgery |
| Length of Stay | Measurement: Number of hospital days from surgery until discharge | Between surgery and 1 month after surgery |
| 30-day Readmission From All Causes | Measurement: percentage of patients who were readmitted within 30 days of surgery | Between surgery and 1 month after surgery |
| 30-day Mortality From All Causes | Measurement: proportion of patients who died within 30 days of surgery | 1 month |
| 90-day Mortality From All Causes | Measurement: percentage of patients who died within 90 days of surgery | Between surgery and 90 days after surgery |
| Wang KY, Xu K, Liu Y, Alshanniek S, Newmeyer N, Mesnik L, Prudhivi V, Chase T, Rangasamy V, Sison SM, Shi SM, Travison TG, Subramaniam B, Kim DH. Multi-Component Prehabilitation Program for Older Adults Undergoing Major Elective Surgery: A Pilot and Feasibility Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2025 Nov;73(11):3387-3395. doi: 10.1111/jgs.70095. Epub 2025 Sep 7. |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Units | Counts |
|---|
| Participants |
|
|
| Post-Hoc | Change in Gait Speed | Measurement: gait speed (meters/second) over 5-meter fast walk, post-intervention minus pre-intervention baseline Range: 0 to 2 meter/second Interpretation: Higher values indicate faster gait. | This was calculated in 25 patients who initiated the intervention and had the post-intervention measurement. | Posted | Least Squares Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | meter/second | Between pre-intervention baseline and post-intervention (up to 4 weeks) |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in 5-chair Stand Test Time | Measurement: Time to complete 5 chair stands (seconds), post-prehabilitation (up to 4 weeks) minus pre-prehabilitation baseline Range: 0 to 60 seconds Interpretation: Higher values indicate worse lower extremity strength. | This was calculated in 25 patients who initiated the intervention and had the post-intervention measurement. | Posted | Least Squares Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | Seconds | Between pre-intervention baseline and post-intervention (up to 4 weeks) |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Dominant Handgrip Strength | Measurement: Average of 3 measurements of dominant handgrip strength (kilograms) measured using a Jamar dynamometer, post-prehabilitation (up to 4 weeks) minus pre-prehabilitation baseline Range: 0 to 60 kilograms Interpretation: Higher values indicate greater muscle strength | This was calculated in 25 patients who initiated the intervention and had the post-intervention measurement. | Posted | Least Squares Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | Kilograms | Between pre-intervention baseline and post-intervention (up to 4 weeks) |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Adherence to Exercise | Measurement: percentage of physical therapy sessions attended Range: 0-100% (higher values indicate better adherence) | This was calculated in 28 patients who initiated the intervention. | Posted | Count of Units | Number of Sessions | Post-intervention (up to 4 weeks) | Number of Sessions | Number of Sessions |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Adherence to Nutrition | Measurement: percentage of nutrition sessions attended Range: 0-100% (higher values indicate better adherence) | This was calculated in 28 patients who initiated the intervention. | Posted | Count of Units | Number of Sessions | Post-intervention (up to 4 weeks) | Number of Sessions | Number of Sessions |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Adherence to Meditation | Measurement: percentage of meditation sessions attended Range: 0-100% (higher values indicate better adherence) | This was calculated in 28 patients who initiated the intervention. | Posted | Count of Units | Number of Sessions | Post-intervention (up to 4 weeks) | Number of Sessions | Number of Sessions |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Change in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) Physical Function T Score | Measurement: Self-reported measure of physical function, 90 days after surgery minus pre-intervention baseline Range: Standardized score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better physical function | This was calculated in 22 patients who initiated the intervention and had the 90-day measurement after surgery. | Posted | Least Squares Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | score on a scale | Between pre-intervention baseline and 90 days after surgery |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Change in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) Anxiety T Score | Measurement: Self-reported measure of anxiety, 90 days after surgery minus pre-intervention baseline Range: Standardized score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater anxiety | This was calculated in 22 patients who initiated the intervention and had the 90-day measurement after surgery. | Posted | Least Squares Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | score on a scale | Between pre-intervention baseline and 90 days after surgery |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Change in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) Depression T Score | Measurement: Self-reported measure of depression, 90 days after surgery minus pre-intervention baseline Range: Standardized score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate more depressive mood | This was calculated in 22 patients who initiated the intervention and had the 90-day measurement after surgery. | Posted | Least Squares Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | score on a scale | Between pre-intervention baseline and 90 days after surgery |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Change in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) Fatigue T Score | Measurement: Self-reported measure of fatigue, 90 days after surgery minus pre-intervention baseline Range: Standardized score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate worse fatigue | This was calculated in 22 patients who initiated the intervention and had the 90-day measurement after surgery. | Posted | Least Squares Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | score on a scale | Between pre-intervention baseline and 90 days after surgery |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Change in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) Sleep Disturbance T Score | Measurement: Self-reported measure of sleep disturbance, 90 days after surgery minus pre-intervention baseline Range: Standardized score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater sleep disturbance | This was calculated in 22 patients who initiated the intervention and had the 90-day measurement after surgery. | Posted | Least Squares Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | score on a scale | Between pre-intervention baseline and 90 days after surgery |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Change in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) Social Roles/Activities Participation T Score | Measurement: Self-reported measure of participation in social roles/activities, 90 days after surgery minus pre-intervention baseline Range: Standardized score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater participation in social roles/activities | This was calculated in 22 patients who initiated the intervention and had the 90-day measurement after surgery. | Posted | Least Squares Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | score on a scale | Between pre-intervention baseline and 90 days after surgery |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Change in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) Pain Interference T Score | Measurement: Self-reported measure of pain interference, 90 days after surgery minus pre-intervention baseline Range: Standardized score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater pain interference | This was calculated in 22 patients who initiated the intervention and had the 90-day measurement after surgery. | Posted | Least Squares Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | score on a scale | Between pre-intervention baseline and 90 days after surgery |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Change in Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) Pain Intensity Score | Measurement: Self-reported measure of pain intensity, 90 days after surgery minus pre-intervention baseline Range: 0 to 10 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity | This was calculated in 22 patients who initiated the intervention and had the 90-day measurement after surgery. | Posted | Least Squares Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | score on a scale | Between pre-intervention baseline and 90 days after surgery |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | 3-D Confusion Assessment Method | Measurement: percentage of patients who develop delirium according to 3-D Confusion Assessment Method within 3 days of surgery | This was calculated in 23 patients who initiated the intervention and underwent surgery. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Between postoperative day 1 and day 3 |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Comprehensive Complication Index | Measurement: a composite complication grading system by Clavien-Dindo Classification (CDC) after an intervention Range: 0 (no complications) to 100 (death) Interpretation: Higher scores indicate more severe complications | This was calculated in 23 patients who initiated the intervention and underwent surgery. | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | score on a scale | 1 month after surgery |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Length of Stay | Measurement: Number of hospital days from surgery until discharge | This was calculated in 23 patients who initiated the intervention and underwent surgery. | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | days | Between surgery and 1 month after surgery |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | 30-day Readmission From All Causes | Measurement: percentage of patients who were readmitted within 30 days of surgery | This was calculated in 23 patients who initiated the intervention and underwent surgery. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Between surgery and 1 month after surgery |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | 30-day Mortality From All Causes | Measurement: proportion of patients who died within 30 days of surgery | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 1 month |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | 90-day Mortality From All Causes | Measurement: percentage of patients who died within 90 days of surgery | This was calculated in 23 patients who initiated the intervention and underwent surgery. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Between surgery and 90 days after surgery |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Adverse Events | Measurement: percentage of patients who experience any adverse events per self-report Range: 0-100% (higher values indicate more adverse events) | This was calculated in 28 patients who initiated the intervention. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Between pre-intervention baseline and post-intervention (up to 4 weeks) |
|
|
|
| 1 |
| 28 |
| 1 |
| 28 |
| 7 |
| 28 |
| Musculoskeletal pain | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Dizziness | Nervous system disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| D009747 | Nutritional Physiological Phenomena |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D006304 | Health Status |
| D003710 | Demography |
| D011154 | Population Characteristics |
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026443 | Spiritual Therapies |
| D012064 | Relaxation Therapy |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |