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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong | OTHER |
| Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital | OTHER |
| Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong | OTHER |
| Tuen Mun Hospital |
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The goal of this pilot clinical trial is to determine the feasibility of conducting a fully powered type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial on early sepsis care that is guided by early warning score in adult emergency department (ED) patients who have infection. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Participants will receive the following SSC Hour-1 Bundle care during the intervention period:
Researchers will compare patients who receive SSC Hour-1 Bundle triggered by a NEWS2 equal to or greater than 5 and patients who receive standard treatment based on clinical judgement to see if the SSC Hour-1 that is triggered by a high NEWS2 score could reduce mortality of adult ED patients with infection.
Despite international endorsement and promulgation, the uptake of the sepsis-care bundles remains low across health-care settings. In most cases, clinicians are still offering sepsis care based on individual clinical judgement, intuition, skills, and available time and resources, leading to a variable standard of care at best and a suboptimal patient outcome in many cases. Significant knowledge gaps exist in the real-world effectiveness of sepsis bundles that are objectively triggered by the early warning score and in the best implementation strategy of sepsis bundle in the ED setting.
The sepsis care model in which the SSC Hour-1 Bundle is triggered objectively by a high NEWS2 score (≥ 5) (known as "NEWS-1 care" in this study) will be evaluated in this study. This pilot study is a type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation study, which contains all the major components of a planned full-scale hybrid trial intended to involve a larger sample size from more local EDs. This pilot study has two essential components:
First, the effectiveness component will evaluate the effect of the SSC Hour-1 Bundle in reducing 30-day all-cause mortality in adult patients presenting to the ED with a clinical diagnosis of infection and a NEWS2 ≥ 5. A prospective, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial, which combines elements of a standard cluster-randomized design (intervention applied in clusters) and a before-after design (in which each cluster switches to the intervention), will be conducted in four EDs in Hong Kong. All study sites will start with an initial period of standard care; they will then switch in random order at intervals of two months to the NEWS-1 care in a unidirectional fashion until all hospitals have crossed over. Recruitment will continue in all study sites until the end of the trial.
Second, the implementation component will use a mixed-methods design to evaluate the uptake of the SSC Hour-1 Bundle using the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, and determine the barriers to and facilitators of its implementation in daily practice.
The primary outcome of this pilot study is the feasibility of a full-scale type 1 hybrid trial on the NEWS-1 care, which will be determined based on the 14 pre-defined progression criteria to assess the feasibility of emergency staff in multiple centres to screen, recognise and recruit patients with suspected sepsis and to execute trial procedures; the feasibility of trial methods to decide whether a fully-powered trial should be undertaken to determine the safety and effectiveness of the intervention; and the feasibility of research staff to conduct the implementation evaluation. Please refer to the published study protocol for the 14 progression criteria.
We will not proceed to a full-scale trial if there is clear evidence of significant harm (safety criterion) or effect (equipoise criterion). As for the other progression criteria, no weighing will be added during evaluation and they will be considered collectively as we conclude the study.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| NEWS-1 care | Experimental | During the interventional period, the 2018 Sepsis Hour-1 Bundle will be initiated in the ED if NEWS2 score ≥ 5. |
|
| Standard care | No Intervention | During the standard care period, emergency physicians will assess the patients based on history, physical examination, laboratory tests, chest radiography or other imaging studies, and will offer treatment based on clinical expertise, intuition, and local or international guidelines |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 Surviving Sepsis Campaign Hour-1 Bundle | Other |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| All-cause 30-day mortality (in full-scale stepped wedge RCT) | The number of patients who die over 30 days | 30 days |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| All-cause in-hospital mortality (in full-scale stepped wedge RCT) | The number of patients who die during the index hospitalization | From the date of recruitment until the date of death from any cause or date of hospital discharge, whichever comes first, assessed up to 90 days |
| All-cause 90-day mortality (in full-scale stepped wedge RCT) |
Inclusion Criteria:
ED patients aged ≥ 18 years who fulfil ALL of the following criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Pui Kin Lam, MBBS, MPH | The University of Hong Kong | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accident and Emergency Department, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital | Hong Kong | Hong Kong | ||||
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 38307529 | Background | Lam RPK, Hung KKC, Lui CT, Kwok WS, Lam WWT, Lau EHY, Sridhar S, Ng PYT, Cheng CH, Tsang TC, Tsui MSH, Graham CA, Rainer TH. Early sepsis care with the National Early Warning Score 2-guided Sepsis Hour-1 Bundle in the emergency department: hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation pilot stepped wedge randomised controlled trial (NEWS-1 TRIPS) protocol. BMJ Open. 2024 Feb 1;14(2):e080676. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080676. |
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De-identified study data will be available on reasonable request 9 months after publication of the main results, subject to the additional research ethics approval on data sharing. Requests for data should be sent to lampkrex@hku.hk.
9 months after publication of the main results
De-identified study data will be available on reasonable request 9 months after publication of the main results, subject to the additional research ethics approval on data sharing.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018805 | Sepsis |
| D012772 | Shock, Septic |
| D004630 | Emergencies |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007239 | Infections |
| D018746 | Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome |
| D007249 | Inflammation |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
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| OTHER_GOV |
Stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial
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Masking is not feasible given the study design
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|
The number of patients who die over 90 days |
| 90 days |
| Sepsis-related in-hospital mortality (in full-scale stepped wedge RCT) | The number of patients who die during the index hospitalization because of sepsis, as judged by an independent emergency physician and an infectious disease specialist based on review of clinical notes and autopsy findings, if available | From the date of recruitment until the date of death from sepsis or date of hospital discharge, whichever comes first, assessed up to 90 days |
| Intensive care unit admission (in full-scale stepped wedge RCT) | Number of participants who require intensive care unit admission during the index hospitalization | From the date of recruitment until the date of first documented intensive care unit admission or date of hospital discharge or date of death, whichever comes first, assessed up to 90 days |
| Ventilator-free days over 30 days (in full-scale stepped wedge RCT) | The number of ventilator-free days over 30 days after recruitment | Over 30 days following recruitment |
| The need for renal replacement therapy (in full-scale stepped wedge RCT) | The number of patients who require renal replacement therapy during the index hospitalization that is not due to pre-existing renal failure | From the date of recruitment until the date of first documented renal replacement therapy or date of hospital discharge or date of death, whichever comes first, assessed up to 90 days |
| The total length of stay in the emergency department (in full-scale stepped wedge RCT) | The total number of hour of patient stay in the emergency department | From the time of emergency department registration to the time of check out from the emergency department or time of death in the emergency department, whichever comes first, assessed up to 7 days |
| The total length of stay in the intensive care unit (in full-scale stepped wedge RCT) | The total number of days of patient stay in the intensive care unit | From the date of intensive care unit admission until the date of discharge from the intensive care unit or date of death, whichever comes first, assessed up to 90 days |
| The total length of stay in the general ward (in full-scale stepped wedge RCT) | The total number of days of patient stay in the general ward | From the date of hospital admission to general ward until the date of hospital discharge or date of transfer out of general ward or date of death, whichever comes first, assessed up to 90 days |
| The time to surgery (in full-scale stepped wedge RCT) | The number of hours from ED registration to the first surgery for cases who receive surgery during the index hospitalization | From the of emergency department registration until the first documented time of surgery or time of hospital discharge or time of death, whichever comes first, assessed up to 90 days |
| Accident and Emergency Department, Prince of Wales Hospital |
| Hong Kong |
| Hong Kong |
| Accident and Emergency Department, Queen Mary Hospital | Hong Kong | Hong Kong |
| Accident and Emergency Department, Tuen Mun Hospital | Hong Kong | Hong Kong |
| D013568 |
| Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D012769 | Shock |
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |