The ABIP was created by the researchers in line with the literature and consisted of interventions that affect and increase prenatal attachment Gölbaşı et al., 2015; Güney & including perceiving /counting fetal movements, music therapy, preparation for the baby, writing notes/letters to the baby, watching images of the fetus/pregnancy. The program was completed in a total of five days, with one intervention per day. An ABIP kit, which contained the materials to be used by pregnant women during ABIP interventions, was provided to them by the researchers at the first meeting. ABIP intervention materials were included in the ABIP kit, using five different colored envelopes (Appendix 1). Pregnant women were also informed about the interventions and materials of ABIP by the researchers at the first meeting.

No Intervention: Control group standard care group

Attachment-Based Intervention Program

It has a total of 19 items, focusing on pregnant women's feelings, attitudes and behaviors towards the fetus. This is a 5-point Likert type scale, scoring between 1 (the absence of feelings toward the fetus) and 5 (strong emotions toward the fetus).

This is a 5-point Likert type scale, scoring from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree). It consists of 34 items and two subscales: (1) Unrealistic Positive Prenatal Expectations (21 items measuring the mother's positive expectations about childbirth and motherhood role), (2) Unrealistic Negative Prenatal Expectations (13 items measuring the mother's negative expectations about childbirth and motherhood role).

This is a three-point Likert-type scale, scoring from 0 (never) to 2 (very often). Total scale score ranges between 0 and 34. A higher total score indicates greater prenatal distress perceived by pregnant women.