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The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to assess a new analgesia regimen that includes the addition of genicular never blocks to our current standard regimen of peripheral nerve blocks, which includes an adductor canal block (ACB) and interspace between the popliteal artery and capsule of the posterior knee block (IPACK). The main questions it aims to answer are:
Eligible patients are those undergoing an anterior cruciate ligament repair at the Hospital for Special Surgery and participants will be randomized to receive the intervention (genicular nerve block) or the standard of care.
Genicular nerve blocks have been shown to provide effective analgesia for chronic osteoarthritis knee pain. There are several publications supporting its use for chronic knee pain but there is a scarcity of literature in its use in the perioperative period. Recently, it has been shown to provide effective analgesia for total knee arthroplasty. This will be a novel application for it to be used for anterior cruciate ligament surgery. There are only a couple of prospective and retrospective studies that showed promising analgesic benefits for anterior cruciate ligament repairs. There are currently no randomized controlled trials published investigating the use of genicular nerve blocks for anterior cruciate ligament surgery.
Researching novel innovative motor-sparing and opioid-sparing peripheral nerve blocks for have been the focus of research. Studies have investigated the motor sparing benefits of the adductor canal block, the effective analgesic benefits of the IPACK block, the phrenic sparing benefits of the superior trunk block, and the analgesic benefits of the pericapsular nerve group block and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. Genicular nerve blocks would be a potential additive block that may further enhance the recovery of patients undergoing knee surgeries, including unicondylar, total knee and anterior cruciate ligament repair patients.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 - Control | No Intervention | Patients randomized to this group will receive an adductor canal block (ACB) and Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee (IPACK) nerve block. | |
| Group 2 - Intervention | Experimental | Patients randomized to this group will receive an adductor canal block (ACB), Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee (IPACK) nerve block, and the genicular nerve block (intervention). The genicular nerve block is a total of 20cc of 0.25% bupivacaine with 2mg of preservative free dexamethasone applied to the superomedial genicular nerve, superolateral genicular nerve, inferomedial genicular nerve, and nerve to vastus intermedius. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genicular Nerve Block with bupivacaine and preservative free dexamethasone | Drug | A genicular nerve block is a peripheral nerve block that temporarily anesthetizes the sensory terminal branches innervating the knee joint by injecting local anesthesia. This results in anesthesia of the anterior compartment of the knee. The genicular nerve block consists of 20cc of 0.25% bupivacaine with 2mg of preservative free dexamethasone and will be applied to the superomedial genicular nerve, superolateral genicular nerve, inferomedial genicular nerve, and nerve to vastus intermedius. Bupivacaine - Drug class: Sodium channel blocker Dexamethasone - Drug class: Glucocorticoid |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Opioid Consumption at 24 Hours | Intravenous and Oral opioid consumption at 24 hours after recovery room entry will be recorded. The average consumption will be reported in morphine milligram equivalents. | Post-operative care unit (PACU) arrival time to 24 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Opioid Consumption | Opioid consumption up to 168 hours after surgery will be recorded from the medical record and patient reported phone calls Opioid consumption in morphine milligram equivalents will be calculated and reported for each time point. | PACU(PACU arrival time to removal from board), 48,72,96,168 hours after time zero (PACU arrival time) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jashvant Poeran, MD/PhD | Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Anesthesiology | Study Director |
| David H Kim, MD | Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Anesthesiology | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HSS Sports Medicine Institute West Side | New York | New York | 10019 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34308957 | Background | Conger A, Gililland J, Anderson L, Pelt CE, Peters C, McCormick ZL. Genicular Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: Current Evidence and Future Directions. Pain Med. 2021 Jul 25;22(Suppl 1):S20-S23. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnab129. | |
| 34261807 | Background | Rambhia M, Chen A, Kumar AH, Bullock WM, Bolognesi M, Gadsden J. Ultrasound-guided genicular nerve blocks following total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021 Oct;46(10):862-866. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2021-102667. Epub 2021 Jul 14. |
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There is no plan to share individual patient data with other researchers.
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Enrollment occurred between January 12, 2023 and November 25, 2024 in the preoperative holding area of the Hospital for Special Surgery West Side Ambulatory Surgery Center.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Group 1 - Control | Patients randomized to this group will receive an adductor canal block (ACB) and Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee (IPACK) nerve block. |
| FG001 | Group 2 - Intervention | Patients randomized to this group will receive an adductor canal block (ACB), Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee (IPACK) nerve block, and the genicular nerve block (intervention). The genicular nerve block is a total of 20cc of 0.25% bupivacaine with 2mg of preservative free dexamethasone applied to the superomedial genicular nerve, superolateral genicular nerve, inferomedial genicular nerve, and nerve to vastus intermedius. Genicular Nerve Block with bupivacaine and preservative free dexamethasone: A genicular nerve block is a peripheral nerve block that temporarily anesthetizes the sensory terminal branches innervating the knee joint by injecting local anesthesia. This results in anesthesia of the anterior compartment of the knee. The genicular nerve block consists of 20cc of 0.25% bupivacaine with 2mg of preservative free dexamethasone and will be applied to the superomedial genicular nerve, superolateral genicular nerve, inferomedial genicular nerve, and nerve to vastus intermedius. Bupivacaine - Drug class: Sodium channel blocker Dexamethasone - Drug class: Glucocorticoid |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
Total number of participants who were enrolled and randomized for whom baseline characteristics were analyzed.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Group 1 - Control | Patients randomized to this group will receive an adductor canal block (ACB) and Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee (IPACK) nerve block. |
| BG001 | Group 2 - Intervention |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | One patient withdrew in the intervention group. |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Mean Opioid Consumption at 24 Hours | Intravenous and Oral opioid consumption at 24 hours after recovery room entry will be recorded. The average consumption will be reported in morphine milligram equivalents. | Participants were lost to follow up in both groups. | Posted | Mean | Full Range | morphine milligram equivalents | Post-operative care unit (PACU) arrival time to 24 hours |
|
Follow ups occurred up to 7 days postoperatively.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Group 1 - Control | Patients randomized to this group will receive an adductor canal block (ACB) and Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee (IPACK) nerve block. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maya Tailor | Hospital for Special Surgery | 646-714-6828 | tailorm@hss.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Nov 25, 2024 | Dec 12, 2025 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000070598 | Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007718 | Knee Injuries |
| D007869 | Leg Injuries |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002045 | Bupivacaine |
| D002123 | Calcium Dobesilate |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000814 | Aniline Compounds |
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Double blind randomized control trail
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The patient, research assistants, and biostatisticians are blinded to whether the patient was randomized to the control or intervention group.
|
|
| Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Scores | Patient scores at rest and with movement will be recorded. Scale of 0 to 10, with 0 meaning "no pain" and 10 meaning "worst pain imaginable". Lower score means less pain, higher score means greater pain. | PACU (60 minutes after PACU arrival time), 24,48,72,96,168 hours after time zero (PACU arrival time) |
| Cumulative Opioid Consumption | Total opioid consumption will be recorded up to 96 hours after surgery. | sum of opioid used from 0-24 hours, 0-48 hours, and 0-72 hours, 0-96 hours post-operatively |
| Brief Pain Inventory | This questionnaire will assess severity of pain, impact of pain on daily function, location of pain, medication intake, and amount of pain relief preoperatively and at 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, and 168 hours after surgery. Questions are rated on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 meaning "no pain/interference" and 10 meaning "pain as bad as you can imagine/completely interferes". | Pre-operatively, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 168 hours post-operative |
| Patient Satisfaction With Pain Treatment | Patient satisfaction will be assessed in the post-operative care unit (PACU), 24 hours, and 48 hours after surgery. Patients reported satisfaction for 3 subcategories: 1) Satisfaction with Pain Management, 2) Satisfaction with Being Informed and Involved with Decision Making, 3) Satisfaction with Care from Healthcare Team. Each subcategory had a scale of 0-10, with 0 being strongly dissatisfied and 10 being strongly satisfied. | From the time patient arrived in the post-operative care unit (PACU), at 24 hours, and at 48 hours post-operative |
| Duration of Analgesic Block | To assess when the patient believe the analgesic block wore off and they regain sensation in their leg. | 24 hours and 48 hours post-operative |
| Success of Adductor Canal Block | Numbness in the saphenous distribution will be assessed in the PACU by an anesthesiologist or research assistant. This was measured on scale of 0-2, with 0 being no sensation, 1 being partial sensation, and 2 being full sensation. | Post-operative care unit (PACU) |
| Readiness for PACU Discharge | The duration from PACU arrival time to recovery complete time. The time that it took for the patient to be discharged will be calculated and reported. | From the time the patient arrived in the post-operative care unit (PACU) arrival time to the time the patient is discharged(discharge ready time = recovery complete time) assessed up to 24 hours after surgery. |
| Length of PACU Stay | The duration from PACU arrival time to patient removed from board time. The time (in minutes) will be calculated and reported. | From the time the patient arrived in the post-operative care unit (PACU) arrival time to the time they leave the PACU assessed up to 24 hours after surgery. |
| Adverse Events | Incidence of neuropraxia (neurological symptoms over 3 days), local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST), and infection. The number of adverse events will be reported. | Post-operative care unit (PACU) arrival time up to 72 hours after the surgery |
| 30863232 | Background | Caldwell GL Jr, Selepec MA. Reduced Opioid Use After Surgeon-Administered Genicular Nerve Block for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Adults and Adolescents. HSS J. 2019 Feb;15(1):42-50. doi: 10.1007/s11420-018-09665-9. Epub 2019 Jan 28. |
| 35127422 | Background | Gruskay JA, Pearce SS, Ruttum D, Conrad ES 3rd, Hackett TR. Surgeon-Administered Anterolateral Geniculate Nerve Block as an Adjunct to Regional Anesthetic for Pain Management Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Arthrosc Tech. 2022 Jan 20;11(1):e1-e6. doi: 10.1016/j.eats.2021.08.034. eCollection 2022 Jan. |
| 24401769 | Background | Kim DH, Lin Y, Goytizolo EA, Kahn RL, Maalouf DB, Manohar A, Patt ML, Goon AK, Lee YY, Ma Y, Yadeau JT. Adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block for total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Anesthesiology. 2014 Mar;120(3):540-50. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000119. |
| 30234517 | Background | Kim DH, Beathe JC, Lin Y, YaDeau JT, Maalouf DB, Goytizolo E, Garnett C, Ranawat AS, Su EP, Mayman DJ, Memtsoudis SG. Addition of Infiltration Between the Popliteal Artery and the Capsule of the Posterior Knee and Adductor Canal Block to Periarticular Injection Enhances Postoperative Pain Control in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesth Analg. 2019 Aug;129(2):526-535. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003794. |
| 31283740 | Background | Kim DH, Lin Y, Beathe JC, Liu J, Oxendine JA, Haskins SC, Ho MC, Wetmore DS, Allen AA, Wilson L, Garnett C, Memtsoudis SG. Superior Trunk Block: A Phrenic-sparing Alternative to the Interscalene Block: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesthesiology. 2019 Sep;131(3):521-533. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002841. |
Patients randomized to this group will receive an adductor canal block (ACB), Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee (IPACK) nerve block, and the genicular nerve block (intervention).
The genicular nerve block is a total of 20cc of 0.25% bupivacaine with 2mg of preservative free dexamethasone applied to the superomedial genicular nerve, superolateral genicular nerve, inferomedial genicular nerve, and nerve to vastus intermedius.
Genicular Nerve Block with bupivacaine and preservative free dexamethasone: A genicular nerve block is a peripheral nerve block that temporarily anesthetizes the sensory terminal branches innervating the knee joint by injecting local anesthesia. This results in anesthesia of the anterior compartment of the knee.
The genicular nerve block consists of 20cc of 0.25% bupivacaine with 2mg of preservative free dexamethasone and will be applied to the superomedial genicular nerve, superolateral genicular nerve, inferomedial genicular nerve, and nerve to vastus intermedius.
Bupivacaine - Drug class: Sodium channel blocker
Dexamethasone - Drug class: Glucocorticoid
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Median |
| Inter-Quartile Range |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | One patient withdrew in the intervention group. | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | One patient withdrew in the intervention group. | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | One patient withdrew from the intervention group. | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Body Mass Index | One patient withdrew from the intervention group. | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | kg/m^2 |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Opioid Consumption | Opioid consumption up to 168 hours after surgery will be recorded from the medical record and patient reported phone calls Opioid consumption in morphine milligram equivalents will be calculated and reported for each time point. | At each time point, patients were lost to follow up. | Posted | Median | Full Range | morphine milligram equivalents | PACU(PACU arrival time to removal from board), 48,72,96,168 hours after time zero (PACU arrival time) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Scores | Patient scores at rest and with movement will be recorded. Scale of 0 to 10, with 0 meaning "no pain" and 10 meaning "worst pain imaginable". Lower score means less pain, higher score means greater pain. | At each time point, patients were lost to follow up. | Posted | Median | Full Range | score on a scale | PACU (60 minutes after PACU arrival time), 24,48,72,96,168 hours after time zero (PACU arrival time) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Cumulative Opioid Consumption | Total opioid consumption will be recorded up to 96 hours after surgery. | At each time point, patients were lost to follow up. | Posted | Median | Full Range | morphine milligram equivalents | sum of opioid used from 0-24 hours, 0-48 hours, and 0-72 hours, 0-96 hours post-operatively |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Brief Pain Inventory | This questionnaire will assess severity of pain, impact of pain on daily function, location of pain, medication intake, and amount of pain relief preoperatively and at 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, and 168 hours after surgery. Questions are rated on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 meaning "no pain/interference" and 10 meaning "pain as bad as you can imagine/completely interferes". | At each time point, patients were lost to follow up. | Posted | Median | Full Range | score on a scale | Pre-operatively, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 168 hours post-operative |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Patient Satisfaction With Pain Treatment | Patient satisfaction will be assessed in the post-operative care unit (PACU), 24 hours, and 48 hours after surgery. Patients reported satisfaction for 3 subcategories: 1) Satisfaction with Pain Management, 2) Satisfaction with Being Informed and Involved with Decision Making, 3) Satisfaction with Care from Healthcare Team. Each subcategory had a scale of 0-10, with 0 being strongly dissatisfied and 10 being strongly satisfied. | At each time point, patients were lost to follow up. | Posted | Median | Full Range | score on a scale | From the time patient arrived in the post-operative care unit (PACU), at 24 hours, and at 48 hours post-operative |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Duration of Analgesic Block | To assess when the patient believe the analgesic block wore off and they regain sensation in their leg. | At each time point, some patients were lost to follow up and some patients did not have feeling return yet. | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | hours | 24 hours and 48 hours post-operative |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Success of Adductor Canal Block | Numbness in the saphenous distribution will be assessed in the PACU by an anesthesiologist or research assistant. This was measured on scale of 0-2, with 0 being no sensation, 1 being partial sensation, and 2 being full sensation. | One patient was withdrawn from the intervention group. For one patient in the control group, data was not able to be obtained for success of adductor canal block. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Post-operative care unit (PACU) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Readiness for PACU Discharge | The duration from PACU arrival time to recovery complete time. The time that it took for the patient to be discharged will be calculated and reported. | One patient was withdrawn from the intervention group. | Posted | Median | Full Range | hours | From the time the patient arrived in the post-operative care unit (PACU) arrival time to the time the patient is discharged(discharge ready time = recovery complete time) assessed up to 24 hours after surgery. |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Length of PACU Stay | The duration from PACU arrival time to patient removed from board time. The time (in minutes) will be calculated and reported. | One patient was withdrawn from the intervention group. | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | minutes | From the time the patient arrived in the post-operative care unit (PACU) arrival time to the time they leave the PACU assessed up to 24 hours after surgery. |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Adverse Events | Incidence of neuropraxia (neurological symptoms over 3 days), local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST), and infection. The number of adverse events will be reported. | One patient was withdrawn from the intervention group. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Post-operative care unit (PACU) arrival time up to 72 hours after the surgery |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 96 |
| 0 |
| 96 |
| 0 |
| 96 |
| EG001 | Group 2 - Intervention | Patients randomized to this group will receive an adductor canal block (ACB), Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee (IPACK) nerve block, and the genicular nerve block (intervention). The genicular nerve block is a total of 20cc of 0.25% bupivacaine with 2mg of preservative free dexamethasone applied to the superomedial genicular nerve, superolateral genicular nerve, inferomedial genicular nerve, and nerve to vastus intermedius. Genicular Nerve Block with bupivacaine and preservative free dexamethasone: A genicular nerve block is a peripheral nerve block that temporarily anesthetizes the sensory terminal branches innervating the knee joint by injecting local anesthesia. This results in anesthesia of the anterior compartment of the knee. The genicular nerve block consists of 20cc of 0.25% bupivacaine with 2mg of preservative free dexamethasone and will be applied to the superomedial genicular nerve, superolateral genicular nerve, inferomedial genicular nerve, and nerve to vastus intermedius. Bupivacaine - Drug class: Sodium channel blocker Dexamethasone - Drug class: Glucocorticoid | 0 | 96 | 0 | 96 | 0 | 96 |
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| D000588 |
| Amines |
| D001557 | Benzenesulfonates |
| D001555 | Benzene Derivatives |
| D006841 | Hydrocarbons, Aromatic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D001190 | Arylsulfonates |
| D017739 | Arylsulfonic Acids |
| D013451 | Sulfonic Acids |
| D013456 | Sulfur Acids |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |
| 48 hours |
|
|
| 72 hours |
|
|
| 96 hours |
|
|
| 168 hours |
|
|
| 0.54 |
| Superiority |
| 72 hours | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.51 | Superiority |
| 96 hours | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.86 | Superiority |
| 168 hours | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.43 | Superiority |
| PACU-movement |
|
|
| 24 hours-rest |
|
|
| 24 hours-movement |
|
|
| 48 hours-rest |
|
|
| 48 hours-movement |
|
|
| 72 hours-rest |
|
|
| 72 hours-movement |
|
|
| 96 hours-rest |
|
|
| 96 hours-movement |
|
|
| 168 hours-rest |
|
|
| 168 hours-movement |
|
|
| 0.08 |
| Superiority |
| 24 hours-rest | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.2 | Superiority |
| 24 hours-movement | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.49 | Superiority |
| 48 hours-rest | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.48 | Superiority |
| 48 hours-movement | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.97 | Superiority |
| 72 hours-rest | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.22 | Superiority |
| 72 hours-movement | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.73 | Superiority |
| 96 hours-rest | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.63 | Superiority |
| 96 hours-movement | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.83 | Superiority |
| 168 hours-rest | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.74 | Superiority |
| 168 hours-movement | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.46 | Superiority |
| 0-48 hours |
|
|
| 0-72 hours |
|
|
| 0-96 hours |
|
|
| 0.34 |
| Superiority |
| 0-72 hours | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.34 | Superiority |
| 0-96 hours | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.50 | Superiority |
| Preoperative Least Pain |
|
|
| Preoperative Average Pain |
|
|
| Preoperative Current Pain |
|
|
| Preoperative Interference |
|
|
| 24 hours worst pain |
|
|
| 24 hours least pain |
|
|
| 24 hours average pain |
|
|
| 24 hours current pain |
|
|
| 24 hours interference |
|
|
| 48 hours worst pain |
|
|
| 48 hours least pain |
|
|
| 48 hours average pain |
|
|
| 48 hours current pain |
|
|
| 48 hours interference |
|
|
| 72 hours worst pain |
|
|
| 72 hours least pain |
|
|
| 72 hours average pain |
|
|
| 72 hours current pain |
|
|
| 72 hours interference |
|
|
| 96 hours worst pain |
|
|
| 96 hours least pain |
|
|
| 96 hours average pain |
|
|
| 96 hours current pain |
|
|
| 96 hours interference |
|
|
| 168 hours worst pain |
|
|
| 168 hours least pain |
|
|
| 168 hours average pain |
|
|
| 168 hours current pain |
|
|
| 168 hours interference |
|
|
| 0.19 |
| Superiority |
| Preoperative Average Pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.50 | Superiority |
| Preoperative Current Pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.79 | Superiority |
| Preoperative Interference | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.49 | Superiority |
| 24 hours worst pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.51 | Superiority |
| 24 hours least pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.72 | Superiority |
| 24 hours average pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.38 | Superiority |
| 24 hours current pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.21 | Superiority |
| 24 hours interference | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.49 | Superiority |
| 48 hours worst pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.24 | Superiority |
| 48 hours least pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.15 | Superiority |
| 48 hours average pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.43 | Superiority |
| 48 hours current pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.53 | Superiority |
| 48 hours interference | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.34 | Superiority |
| 72 hours worst pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.46 | Superiority |
| 72 hours least pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.35 | Superiority |
| 72 hours average pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.40 | Superiority |
| 72 hours current pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.50 | Superiority |
| 72 hours interference | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.11 | Superiority |
| 96 hours worst pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.73 | Superiority |
| 96 hours least pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.71 | Superiority |
| 96 hours average pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.72 | Superiority |
| 96 hours current pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.56 | Superiority |
| 96 hours interference | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.51 | Superiority |
| 168 hours worst pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.31 | Superiority |
| 168 hours least pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.88 | Superiority |
| 168 hours average pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.38 | Superiority |
| 168 hours current pain | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.93 | Superiority |
| 168 hours interference | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.83 | Superiority |
| PACU Satisfaction with Being Informed and Involved with Decision Making |
|
|
| PACU Satisfaction with Care from Healthcare Team |
|
|
| 24 Hours Satisfaction with Pain Management |
|
|
| 24 hours Satisfaction with Being Informed and Involved with Decision Making |
|
|
| 24 hours Satisfaction with Care from Healthcare Team |
|
|
| 48 Hours Satisfaction with Pain Management |
|
|
| 48 hours Satisfaction with Being Informed and Involved with Decision Making |
|
|
| 48 hours Satisfaction with Care from Healthcare Team |
|
|
| 0.028 |
| Superiority |
| PACU Satisfaction with Care from Healthcare Team | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.032 | Superiority |
| 24 Hours Satisfaction with Pain Management | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.19 | Superiority |
| 24 hours Satisfaction with Being Informed and Involved with Decision Making | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.36 | Superiority |
| 24 hours Satisfaction with Care from Healthcare Team | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.91 | Superiority |
| 48 Hours Satisfaction with Pain Management | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.001 | Superiority |
| 48 hours Satisfaction with Being Informed and Involved with Decision Making | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.12 | Superiority |
| 48 hours Satisfaction with Care from Healthcare Team | Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) | 0.59 | Superiority |
| 48 hours |
|
|
| 0.54 |
| Superiority |
| Full sensation |
|
| Lateral Calf |
|
| Dorsal Calf |
|
| Plantar Aspect |
|
| 0.0002 |
| Superiority |
| Dorsal Calf | Chi-squared | <0.0001 | Superiority |
| Plantar Aspect | Chi-squared | 0.027 | Superiority |