The goal of this observational study is to profile the circulating immunological traits of patients with traumatic lung injury (TLI) and inhalation injury (ILI),providing a new direction for the depth research of the pathogenesis, and providing new immune-related targets for diagnosis of the severity of lung injury and treatment.

The investigators performed scRNA-seq of neutrophil and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 10 ml fresh circulating blood from 3 patients with TLI and 3 patients with ILI at longitudinal timepoints,as well as peripheral blood from 3 health controls(HCs).

The investigators performed single-cell transcriptomic sequencing (BD Rhapsody) on neutrophil and PBMCs extracted from the fresh circulating blood from 3 patients with TLI and 3 patients with ILI at longitudinal timepoints,as well as peripheral blood from 3 health controls(HCs). Three time points are picked by clinical conditions of patients with TLI or ILI: day 1 post hospital admission, day 3 post hospital and the day before discharged which matched to acute stage,progressive stage and convalescence.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Lung injury caused by burn trauma is confirmed, and the patient is hospitalized within 24 hours after burn or trauma (the clinician can make a definite diagnosis of lung injury based on the comprehensive judgment of the patient's etiology, history, clinical manifestations, blood gas analysis, laboratory tests and imaging);
2. Patients with inhalation injury caused by head, face and neck burns or inhalation injury combined with multiple body burns < 30%;
3. Patients with simple inhalation injury;
4. The normal control group should have no smoking history and be normal population;
5. According to the provisions of Good Clinical Practice(GCP), the informed consent has been obtained and the informed consent has been signed to volunteer for the test.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Basic pulmonary diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and et al;
2. Severe organ dysfunction;
3. Autoimmune diseases;
4. Tumor;
5. Severe infection;
6. Pregnant or nursing women;
7. Fatal or life-threatening events caused by trauma;
8. Any history which may interfere the results or increase the risk of patients judged by researchers.

3 patients with TLI and 3 patients with ILI age from 18 to 90 years old, admission within 24h after injury and diagnosed as traumatic lung injury by 2 surgeons on account of injury history and chest CT images. As well as peripheral blood from 3 health controls(HCs) who have no smoking history.