Effect of Breathing Exercises and Upper Limb Endurance Exercises in Pregnant Women Presented With Physiological Dyspnea

Effect of Breathing Exercises and Upper Limb Endurance Exercises in Pregnant Women Presented With Physiological Dyspnea

To evaluate the effects of breathing exercises and upper limb endurance exercises in pregnant women presented with physiological dyspnea

Pregnant women undergo various anatomical and physiological changes so that they can cope with the increased physical and metabolic demands of their pregnancies. Cardiovascular, respiratory, haematological, renal, gastrointestinal and endocrine systems undergo important physiological adaptations needed to allow development of the fetus and to allow the mother and fetus to survive the demands of childbirth . On the other hand, dyspnea can be caused by pregnancy complications, thus requiring specific medical treatment. Shortness of breath is common during pregnancy, occurring in 60% to 70% of healthy pregnant women . The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of breathing exercises and upper limb endurance exercises in pregnant women presented with physiological dyspnea

1. Inclusion criteria: pregnant women presented with physiological dyspnea.

2. Exclusion criteria:

   1. Non physiological causes of dyspnea in pregnancy

      • Cardiac: arrhythmia, constrictive pericarditis , pericardial effusion , coronary heart disease , congestive heart failure , intracardiac shunt , cardiomyopathy , valvular heart disease.
      • Chest wall, pleura, lungs: bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis ,bronchiolitis ,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary emphysema, interstitial lung disease, sarcoidosis ,lung tumor narrowing or compressing the airways , pleural effusion , pulmonary right-to-left shunt , pulmonary hypertension ,elevated hemi diaphragm, phrenic nerve palsy, kyphoscoliosis
      • CNS and neuromuscular: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , mitochondrial disease polymyositis/ dermatomyositis
      • Metabolic: renal failure , thyroid disease
      • Head and neck : laryngeal tumor ,vocal cord paralysis , vocal cord dysfunction , tumor compressing the upper airways , tracheal stenosis , goiter
      • Others: anemia , anxiety disorder, panic attacks, , ascites , obesity, abdominal wall hernia

   2. Refusal to participate