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The purpose of this study is to compare physiological responses in cardiovascular variables between nose and mouth breathing at rest and during exercise.
Breathing patterns can affect the cardiovascular system. Little is known about how nose versus mouth breathing affects cardiovascular variables (blood pressure, heart rate, etc.) at rest and during exercise. It has been suggested that breathing through the nose can cause calmness and lower blood pressure. However, research is needed to examine the extent to which breathing through the nose affects cardiovascular variables at rest and during exercise. Therefore, we will compare cardiovascular variables between nose-only and mouth-only breathing. The rate of breathing will be fixed (using an audible metronome) for both breathing conditions (nose-only vs mouth-only) based on an individual's free breathing (i.e., no breathing cues) breathing rate.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nose-only breathing | Active Comparator | Participants will be instructed to breathe only through their nose (mouth closed) during rest and submaximal exercise. |
|
| Mouth-only breathing | Active Comparator | Participants will be instructed to breathe only through their mouth (nose clips prevent nose breathing) during rest and submaximal exercise. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nose-only breathing | Behavioral | Participants will breathe only through their nose (mouth closed) during rest and submaximal exercise. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood Pressure During Exercise Between Study Arms | Systolic blood pressure will be measured in the laboratory during submaximal exercise with nose-only breathing and mouth-only breathing. | Up to one day |
| Heart Rate During Exercise Between Study Arms | Heart rate will be measured in the laboratory during submaximal exercise with nose-only breathing and mouth-only breathing. | Up to one day |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Rating of Perceived Exertion During Exercise Between Study Arms | Participants will report their rating of perceived exertion (numerical scores of 6-20, with 20 being the greatest exertion) based on a validated scale during submaximal exercise with nose-only breathing and mouth-only breathing. | Up to one day |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Joseph Watso, PhD | Florida State University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florida State University | Tallahassee | Florida | 32306 | United States |
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| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Related Info | View source |
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Data with all HIPAA identifiers removed may be shared in future collaborative efforts pending appropriate data and/or material transfer agreement approvals.
One year after completion of the trial, indefinitely
A formal plan identifying the intended use of the data and proper completion of appropriate data and/or material transfer agreement approvals with the study PI and their institution.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Mouth Breathing Then Nose Breathing | 1. Participants will be instructed to breathe only through their mouth (nose clips on) during rest and submaximal exercise. 2. Participants will be instructed to breathe only through their nose (mouth closed) during rest and submaximal exercise. |
| FG001 | Nose Breathing Then Mouth Breathing | 1. Participants will be instructed to breathe only through their nose (mouth closed) during rest and submaximal exercise. 2. Participants will be instructed to breathe only through their mouth (nose clips on) during rest and submaximal exercise. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | All Participants | These numbers are for all participants |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Blood Pressure During Exercise Between Study Arms | Systolic blood pressure will be measured in the laboratory during submaximal exercise with nose-only breathing and mouth-only breathing. | 17 participants completed both arms with this variable measured | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mmHg | Up to one day |
|
Up to one day
Participants completed both arms
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Nose-only Breathing | Participants will be instructed to breathe only through their nose (mouth closed) during rest and submaximal exercise. Nose-only breathing: Participants will breathe only through their nose (mouth closed) during rest and submaximal exercise. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Director, Cardiovascular and Applied Physiology Laboratory | Florida State University | 8506441828 | jwatso@fsu.edu |
| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Dec 14, 2022 | Apr 18, 2024 | Prot_000.pdf |
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| Mouth-only breathing | Behavioral | Participants will breathe only through their mouth (nose clips prevent nose breathing) during rest and submaximal exercise. |
|
| Rating of Perceived Breathlessness During Exercise Between Study Arms |
Participants will report their rating of perceived breathlessness (numerical scores of 0-10, with 10 being the greatest breathlessness) based on a validated scale during submaximal exercise with nose-only breathing and mouth-only breathing. |
| Up to one day |
| Participants |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Body mass index | Mean | Standard Deviation | kilograms per meters squared |
|
|
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| Primary | Heart Rate During Exercise Between Study Arms | Heart rate will be measured in the laboratory during submaximal exercise with nose-only breathing and mouth-only breathing. | 18 participants completed both arms with this variable measured | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | beats per minute | Up to one day |
|
|
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| Secondary | Rating of Perceived Exertion During Exercise Between Study Arms | Participants will report their rating of perceived exertion (numerical scores of 6-20, with 20 being the greatest exertion) based on a validated scale during submaximal exercise with nose-only breathing and mouth-only breathing. | 18 participants completed both arms with this variable measured | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Up to one day |
|
|
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| Secondary | Rating of Perceived Breathlessness During Exercise Between Study Arms | Participants will report their rating of perceived breathlessness (numerical scores of 0-10, with 10 being the greatest breathlessness) based on a validated scale during submaximal exercise with nose-only breathing and mouth-only breathing. | 18 participants completed both arms with this variable measured | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | units on a scale | Up to one day |
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| 0 |
| 20 |
| 0 |
| 20 |
| 0 |
| 20 |
| EG001 | Mouth-only Breathing | Participants will be instructed to breathe only through their mouth (nose clips prevent nose breathing) during rest and submaximal exercise. Mouth-only breathing: Participants will breathe only through their mouth (nose clips prevent nose breathing) during rest and submaximal exercise. | 0 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 20 |
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