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The aim of this project is to develop and test the Helping Educators Learn Pediatric Pain Assessment & Intervention Needs (HELP Pain) program. HELP Pain provides training for school providers (e.g., school nurses, mental health professionals) on strategies to assess and manage pain-related concerns in school children. Participants will learn cognitive behavioral therapy techniques to help school children manage pain, and report on their use of strategies, and child's progress throughout the school year. Follow-up data will be collected in year 2.
Chronic pain is common among school children, and impacts social, emotional and academic functioning. School providers are often tasked with addressing student pain, but may have limited training in evidence-based pain management strategies. Thus, the PI developed a training program, HELP Pain, to train school providers, such as school nurses and mental health professionals, in cognitive behavioral therapy strategies for addressing student pain. In this study, the feasibility and acceptability of the training program will be evaluated. Provider knowledge will be evaluated before and after receiving the HELP Pain training. Further, the use of HELP Pain strategies with students and their associated disability and pain outcomes will be evaluated. Results will help to tailor the HELP Pain training program for future use.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Health Department of Northwest Michigan | School providers (school nurses, mental health specialists) from the Health Department of Northwest Michigan. |
| |
| Michigan Association of School Nurses | School providers (nurses) from the Michigan Association of School Nurses. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HELP Pain Training Program | Other | A training program to teach school providers nonpharmacologic (e.g., cognitive behavioral and mindfulness meditation) strategies to use with students with pain symptoms. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Feasibility - Qualitative report | Implementation success of the program measured by a semi-structured qualitative interview method which addresses feasibility. | 9 months |
| Acceptability - Qualitative report | Implementation success of the program measured by a semi-structured qualitative interview method which addresses acceptability. | 9 months |
| Appropriateness - Qualitative report | Implementation success of the program measured by a semi-structured qualitative interview method which addresses appropriateness. | 9 months |
| Implementation Success - Quantitative report | Twelve psychometrically validated items to assess program implementation success, will be administered after training. Providers will rate items with responses using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). | 9 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Knowledge | Knowledge quiz scores before and after training, 0-20, where 20 indicates higher knowledge. | 9 months |
| Fidelity | Self-reported use of HELP Pain strategies with students via online survey. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Child Functional Disability Inventory (FDI) | Administration of the FDI to students is optional. The FDI is used to assess impairment due to pain over the past several days, and uses a Likert scale (0-4) to result in a score 0-60, where 60 implies decreased functioning. | 9 months, 2 years |
| Child Pain Ratings - Numerical Scale |
Inclusion Criteria:
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Providers (nurses and mental health professionals) serving Michigan schools.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Natoshia R Cunningham, Ph.D. | Michigan State University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michigan State University | Grand Rapids | Michigan | 49503 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| 9 months, 2 years |
| Self-report Knowledge | Self-reported agreeableness using a 5-point Likert scale from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5) to 3 statements indicating knowledge from the program. | 9 months |
Administration of the child pain ratings to students is optional. Highest, lowest, average and current pain over the past week are reported by a child to the provider using a numerical scale. The numerical scale is 0-10, with 10 indicating worse pain. |
| 9 months, 2 years |
| Child Pain Ratings - Faces Scale | Administration of the child pain ratings to students is optional. Highest, lowest, average and current pain over the past week are reported by a child to the provider using a faces scale. The faces scale contains 6 faces with scores of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 respectively from left to right, where the rightmost face or score of 10 indicates worse pain. | 9 months, 2 years |
| Child School Attendance | Reporting of a child's school attendance is optional. School attendance, late arrivals, and early dismissal in one month (due to pain or other reasons), and school nurse visits for pain or other reasons (scheduled and unscheduled) as reported by the school provider specific to a child. | 9 months, 2 years |