Each patient will receive two inclined implants placed in the mandibular canine region bilaterally using the flapless surgical technique. Patients will receive mandibular overdentures with Novaloc attachments. The proper Novaloc abutments will be selected and screwed on the implants according to the prosthetic platform and the tissue height. The metal housings will be connected to the existing mandibular overdenture by pick-up technique.

The distance from the gingival margin till the point of least resistance will be measured using a graduated plastic autoclavable periodontal probe. The probe will be held parallel to the long axis of the implant and introduced with light force to the peri-implant sulcus. Measurements will be made at 6 sites around each implant; mesiobuccal, mid-buccal, disto-buccal, mesio-palatal, mid-palatal and disto-palatal. Probing depth of 1 mm or less will be recorded as 1 mm, and those exceeding 1 mm, but less than 2 mm, will be recorded as 2 mm, and so on. The mean for each implant will be calculated.

This will be measured using a graduated plastic autoclavable periodontal probe. The probe will be held parallel to the long axis of the implant and introduced with light force to the peri-implant sulcus. A score of 0-3 will be assigned to each labial and palatal surface of the implant then the average for each implant will be calculated according to the following criteria:

Score 0: No bleeding when a periodontal probe is passed along the gingival margin adjacent to the implant.

Score 1: Isolated bleeding spots visible. Score 2: Blood forms a confluent red line on margin. Score 3: Heavy or profuse bleeding

The peri-implant mucosal tissues will be assessed according to Lobene and Weatherford as follows:

0: Absence of inflammation, normal gingiva.

1. Mild inflammation, slight color change, little change in texture of any portion of, but not entire, marginal, or papillary gingival unit (localized).
2. Mild inflammation, slight color change, little change in texture involving the entire or papillary gingival unit (generalized)..
3. Moderate inflammation, redness, and edema.
4. Severe inflammation, marked redness, edema, ulceration, and spontaneous bleeding It will be measured at 4 sites around each implant (mesially, distally, labially/ buccaly, lingually) then, the mean record will be calculated for each implant. Indices of the two implants will be added to each other, and then divided by 2 to get the mean modified gingival index for each case.