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Relaxation techniques are a non-pharmacological therapy option applied to alleviate the symptoms of many different chronic diseases. It has been reported in the literature that PMR is effective on pain, fatigue and stress symptoms in fibromyalgia patients. No study has been found examining the effect of PMR on kinesiophobia and functional status in FM. This study was planned to examine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercises on pain, kinesiophobia and functional status in fibromyalgia patients.
Fibromyalgia (FM), which is a chronic pain disorder, is a difficult disease to treat, and it is stated that a multidisciplinary approach is required in its treatment rather than a single treatment method. Approaches that consider optimal symptom management and functional status in treatment, include non-pharmacological methods in addition to pharmacological treatment, and include psychosocial and behavioral methods are recommended. Non-pharmacological methods that have proven their effectiveness in FM treatment include aerobic exercise, patient education, cognitive therapies, balneotherapy, and physical therapy agents. One of the methods that can be applied in patients with FM is progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) exercises. PMR is an easy, low-cost, and side-effect-free relaxation technique. PMR helps individuals feel calmer and more relaxed through sequential muscle tension and relaxation. It has been reported in the literature that PMR is effective on pain, fatigue and stress symptoms in fibromyalgia patients. No study has been found examining the effect of PMR on kinesiophobia and functional status in FM. Therefore, this study was planned to examine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercises on pain, kinesiophobia and functional status in fibromyalgia patients.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Experimental | To examine the effects of progressive muscle relaxation exercises on pain, kinesiophobia and functional status in fibromyalgia patients. |
|
| Control group | No Intervention | Control group; routine care and treatment will be applied. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progressive muscle relaxation exercise | Behavioral | Experimental group Fibromyalgia patients will be provided with progressive relaxation exercises twice a week. Progressive relaxation technique includes stretching and relaxing the bigmuscle groups (hands, arms, neck, shoulders, face, chest, abdomen,hip, feet andfingers) in the human body on purpose. When steps ofProgressive Relaxation Exercises are analyzed, it is observed thatlearning how to take correct and deep breaths is the most impor-tant step towards learning relaxation. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Progressive muscle relaxation exercise changes pain | Visual Pain Scale | The pain scores of the patients will be measured before the PMR application and at the end of the PMR application (at the end of the 8th week) two days a week for the 8th week using the visual pain scale. The pain score is min 1 - max 10. |
| Progressive muscle relaxation exercise changes kinesiophobia | Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia | The Kinesiophobia scores of patients will be measured before the PMR application and at the end of the PMR application (at the end of the 8th week) two days a week for the 8th week. A total of 17-68 points are obtained from the scale. |
| Progressive muscle relaxation exercise changes functional status | Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire | The functional status scores of patients will be measured before the PMR application and at the end of the PMR application (at the end of the 8th week) two days a week for the 8th week. A high score indicates increased disability due to FM. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| CEMİLE KÜTMEÇ YILMAZ | Aksaray University, Faculty of Health Science, Nursing Department, Turkey | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cemile KÜTMEÇ YILMAZ | Merkez | Aksaray | 68100 | Turkey (Türkiye) | ||
| Aksaray University Health Science Faculty |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41235733 | Derived | Karakoyun A, Kutmec Yilmaz C, Sayin Kasar K. Are Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercises Effective on Pain, Kinesiophobia, and Functional Status in Fibromyalgia Patients? A Randomized Controlled Trial. Res Nurs Health. 2026 Feb;49(1):9-18. doi: 10.1002/nur.70029. Epub 2025 Nov 14. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005356 | Fibromyalgia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D012216 | Rheumatic Diseases |
| D009468 | Neuromuscular Diseases |
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|
| Aksaray |
| 68100 |
| Turkey (Türkiye) |
| D009422 |
| Nervous System Diseases |