Dexmedetomidine Plus Low Dose Morphine Versus Standard Dose of Morphine in PCA in Children .

Comparison of Addition of Dexmedetomidine to Low Dose Morphine Versus Standard Dose of Morphine in Patiant Controlled Analgesia in Children Undergoing Pelvi Abdominal Exploration. a Prospective Randomized Trial

The treatment of perioperative pain in children has been a topic of great interest to pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, and anesthesiologists for many years. Opioids are the most common analgesics used to manage acute postoperative pain in children and adults

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) permits patients to self-administer small doses of opioid analgesics intravenously or subcutaneously at frequent intervals. PCA is used in the management of moderate-to-severe pain. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is now used in children as young as 5 yr for the treatment of postoperative pain.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. ASA I & II of both sex.
2. Age between 8 and 12 years.
3. Patients scheduled for exploration surgery under general anesthesia.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Parents refused to give consent.
2. Patients with history of allergy to morphine or dexmedetomidine.
3. Mental disorders.
4. Unsuitability for extubation.
5. Comorbidities as cardiac, pulmonary and obstructive sleep apnea.
6. children with chronic opioid use for > 3 monthes