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The treatment of perioperative pain in children has been a topic of great interest to pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, and anesthesiologists for many years. Opioids are the most common analgesics used to manage acute postoperative pain in children and adults
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) permits patients to self-administer small doses of opioid analgesics intravenously or subcutaneously at frequent intervals. PCA is used in the management of moderate-to-severe pain. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is now used in children as young as 5 yr for the treatment of postoperative pain.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| standard dose morphine | Active Comparator | children will receive 0.05 mg morphine /kg.as a bolus dose dissolved in 50 ml normal saline and 10 microgram/kg continuous infusion |
|
| low dose morphine and dexmedetomidine | Active Comparator | children will receive 0.02 mg morphine /kg bolus dose plus 0.2 µg/kg dexmedetomidine dissolved in 50 ml normal saline and10 microgram/kg continuous infusion . |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| standard dose morphine | Drug | Receiving 0.05 mg morphine/kg as a bolus. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Post-operative pain intensity evaluation at (0,1, 2,6,12, 24h). | visual analogue score consists of a straight 10 cm line with the end points defining extreme limits between (0) no pain and (10) worst pain, the score is determined by measuring the distance between no pain and worst pain. | 24 hour |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Total morphine consumption in 24h postoperative. | total morphine dose in 24h | 24 hour |
| sedation | (0 = awake; 1 = drowsy; 2 = asleep but arousable; 3 = deeply asleep). Patients were considered sedated if they had a sedation score of more than 0. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mariana abdelsayed Mansour, MD | Contact | 01222960009 | mrmrsyk4@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mariana abdelsayed Mansour, Lecturer | Benisuef university hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benisuef University Hospital | Recruiting | Egypt | Egypt |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009020 | Morphine |
| D020927 | Dexmedetomidine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009022 | Morphine Derivatives |
| D009019 | Morphinans |
| D053610 | Opiate Alkaloids |
| D000470 | Alkaloids |
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| low dose morphine plus dexmedetomidine | Drug | Receiving 0.02 mg morphine/kg as a bolus dose + 0.2 microgram/kg dexmedetomidine |
|
|
| 24 hour |
| respiratory depression | respiratory depression, if respiratory rate less than 10 breaths/minute | 24 hour |
| nausea vomiting | Nausea and vomiting was recorded using a categorical scoring system (0 = none, 1 = nausea, 2 = retching, 3 = vomiting). | 24 hour |
| D006571 |
| Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D006572 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring |
| D006576 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D010616 | Phenanthrenes |
| D011084 | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |
| D007093 | Imidazoles |
| D001393 | Azoles |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |