will include 30 preterm neonates with BPD who will receive traditional therapy of BPD including minimizing exposure to oxygen, ventilation strategies, adequate nutrition and prudent administration of fluids

will include 30 preterm neonates with BPD who will receive traditional therapy of BPD in association with caffeine by intravenous route at a dose of 20 mg/kg loading dose with a 5-10 mg/kg/day maintenance dose given after 24 h ( Yuan et al., 2022) until discharge from the unit after clinical and laboratory improvement after two months.

will include 30 preterm neonates with BPD who will receive traditional therapy of BPD in association with probiotics sachets supplementation orally, in the form of lyophilized lactic acid bacteria each Aluminium stick pack contains 100 mg ( Meyer et al., 2020) Probio Tec BB12-Blend 30- IF* (SANDOZ®.) mixed with 10 ml sterile water and given by Ryle tube once daily until discharge from the unit after clinical and laboratory improvement after two months

5-10 mg/kg/day IV maintenance dose given after 24 h for 2 months.

Changes in blood parameters at baseline and after 2 months

Changes in creatinine clearance at baseline and after 2 months

Changes in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase at baseline and after 2 months

changes in serum C-reactive protein at baseline and after 2 months

blood sample will be collected at baseline and after 2 months

blood sample will be collected at baseline and after 2 months