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The goal of this trial is to compare the effects 448kHz capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRM) with Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) versus only PNF in chronic low back pain patients.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Participants will in the experimental group will be treated with a combination of:
Participants will in the control group will be treated only using
1. PNF intervention (identical to experimental group)
Researchers will compare experimental and control group to see if there are differences in reduction of pain and disability.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Experimental | Participants in the experimental group will be treated with a combination of 448kHz capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency and Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) over the course of two weeks.
Therapy will be administered for a total of 5 times in two weeks. Three times in week 1 and two times in week 2. |
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| Control group | Active Comparator | Participants will exercise for exactly 20 minutes, over the course of two weeks, using the PNF concept exercises to mobilize the pelvis and lumbar spine, primarily strengthening the muscles of the abdomen, back and hips. Therapy will be administered for a total of 5 times in two weeks. Three times in week 1 and two times in week 2. This is identical intervention and the second intervention in the experimental group. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 448kHz capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency | Device | Capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRM) treatment is a type of medical procedure that uses radiofrequency energy to heat the targeted tissue. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline: Pain - Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) | Change from baseline pain, measured by 0-10 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). VAS has a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 10. Higher score indicates a worse outcome (e.g., greater pain intensity). | Change from baseline pain after two weeks (14 days). |
| Change from baseline: Disability - ODI (Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire) | Change from baseline disability, measured by Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire. ODI has a minimum score of 0% and maximum score of 100%. Higher score indicates a worse outcome (e.g., greater disability). | Change from baseline disability after two weeks (14 days). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline: Disability - Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBPD) | Change from baseline disability, measured by Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale. QBPD has a minimum score of 20 and maximum score of 100. Higher score indicates a worse outcome (e.g., greater disability). | Change from baseline disability after two weeks (14 days). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polyclinic Cerebellum | Varaždin | Varaždin County | 42000 | Croatia |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 39572389 | Derived | Jurak I, Grabar S, Zura N, Jakus L. Evaluating the Efficacy of Capacitive Resistive Monopolar Radiofrequency Combined With Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Managing Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Physiother Res Int. 2025 Jan;30(1):e70009. doi: 10.1002/pri.70009. |
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Anonymized IPD will be shared either as a supplement to manuscript or on adequate server for storing IPD data.
Data will always be available upon inquiry by email to lead investigators. All variables that were measured will be included in the dataset.
When: Upon publication. How long: Indefinitely.
Available to all. No criteria for accessing the data.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017116 | Low Back Pain |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001416 | Back Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D052580 | Muscle Stretching Exercises |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
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| Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation | Other | Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a type of physical therapy that uses techniques such as stretching and strengthening exercises to improve muscle function and movement patterns. |
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| Change from baseline: Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) |
Change from baseline disability, measured by Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. RMDQ has a minimum score of 0 and maximum score of 24. Higher score indicates a worse outcome (e.g., greater pain-related disability). |
| Change from baseline disability after two weeks (14 days). |
| D005791 |
| Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |