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Objective: to examine the effect of the medium intensity coughing technique during subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin injection on pain severity and individual satisfaction in general surgery patients. Method: a prospective, quasi-experimental study included 100 patients who had prescribed a subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin injection once in 24 hours. Each patient received two injections by the same researcher using standard injection technique with medium intensity coughing technique and only standard injection technique.
Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effect on the level of pain severity and satisfaction of patients of the medium intensity coughing technique applied to patients during the administration of subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) injection.
Design: This research was a prospective quasi-experimental study. Methods: It was conducted with 100 patients in the General Surgery Clinic of a university hospital in the Marmara Region of Turkey. Subcutaneous LMWH injections were administered by the same nurse to the outer side of the right and left upper arms by the standard injection technique and the medium intensity coughing technique. Immediately after the subcutaneous LMWH injection was given, a researcher who did not know which injection method had been used asked the patients to evaluate their pain levels by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and their satisfaction with the performance of the injection by the Visual Individual Satisfaction Scale (VISS).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| the medium intensity coughing technique | Experimental | Immediately before the subcutaneous heparin injection was given, patients were asked to cough twice at a medium level. After that, they were asked to cough ten seconds later for a second time at the same level, and while they were coughing for the second time, the needle was inserted into the tissue. |
|
| the standard injection technique | No Intervention | During the subcutaneous heparin injection, patients were not asked to perform any action, and the injection was given by the standard technique. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the medium intensity coughing technique | Other | The medium intensity coughing technique: Immediately before the subcutaneous LMWH injection was given, patients were asked to cough twice at a medium level. After that, they were asked to cough ten seconds later for a second time at the same level, and while they were coughing for the second time, the needle was inserted into the tissue. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain assessed by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | In evaluating the severity of pain felt by the patients during subcutaneous injections, a 10 cm long vertical VAS was used, on which one end represented no pain, and the other end the worst possible pain. The VAS is a commonly used pain assessment scale in clinical settings. Pain severity measurements were evaluated in millimeters. | 2 months |
| "Satisfaction assessed by the Visual Individual Satisfaction Scale (VISS) | During the administration of the injection, an evaluation was made to determine individuals' satisfaction using the Visual Individual Satisfaction Scale, which consisted of a vertical 10 cm scale with "I'm very satisfied" written at one end of it and "I'm not at all satisfied" at the other. The Visual Individual Satisfaction Scale incorporated the characteristics of the well-known Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Satisfaction level measurements were evaluated in millimeters. | 2 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Weight | weight in kilograms | 2 months |
| Height | height in meters | 2 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bursa Uludag University Hospital | Bursa | Nilüfer | 16059 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37194813 | Derived | Yilmaz D, Ayhan D, Yilmaz DU, Duzgun F. Effect of the coughing technique during subcutaneous heparin injection on pain severity and individual satisfaction. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2023 May 15;31:e3923. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.6504.3923. eCollection 2023. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006552 | Hernia, Inguinal |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D046449 | Hernia, Abdominal |
| D006547 | Hernia |
| D020763 | Pathological Conditions, Anatomical |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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The measurements were carried out by the first researcher.
|
| BMI |
BMI in kg/m^2 |
| 2 months |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |