Mechanically ventilated patients are at risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), the diagnosis of which motivates the implementation of specific treatments, is one of the causes of VAP. The hypothesis of the study is that the incidence of IPA is 12.4%. For each patient presenting with a suspicion of VAP and requiring a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), the diagnosis of API will be evaluated by biological examinations performed on blood and BAL. Medical and surgical history as well as clinical and biological data will be collected for 28 days or until discharge from the ICU.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult patient (age ≥ 18 years),

• On invasive ventilation for more than 48 hours,

• Suspected VAP, defined by the appearance or worsening of a radiological pulmonary infiltrate, associated with 2 of the following clinical criteria:

  • Fever ≥ 38° C or hypothermia ≤ 36.5° C
  • Leukocytes > 12x109 or < 4x109/L
  • Purulent tracheal secretions

Exclusion Criteria:

• Neutropenic patients (neutrophils < 0.5G/L),
• Previous diagnosis of IPA,
• Minor patients.

Patients hospitalized in ICU