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The proposed project will attempt to confirm the benefits of a structured magic trick training program (MTTP) experience in adolescents with autism. Benefits of participating in a 6-week virtual MTTP will be evaluated using validated assessments to measure social-emotional competencies.
The proposed study will employ a RCT to test the two hypotheses. The design of the MTTP is based on the SEL framework. The study will incorporate a 2 x 3 two-way factorial design with repeated measures at three time points. The two between-subject factor conditions will be participation in a MTTP versus a waitlist control condition that will be evaluated at baseline, immediately post-program, and at 6-week follow-up (within-subject factor conditions). Sixty adolescents with autism will be recruited for this study.
Aim 1. Evaluate the therapeutic benefits of a 6-week virtual MTTP on social-emotional functioning, and emotional stress among adolescents with autism.
Hypothesis #1: Adolescents with autism who participate in a virtual MTTP will demonstrate better social-emotional functioning, and a reduction in emotional stress compared to waitlist controls at the conclusion of a 6-week MTTP.
Hypothesis #2: The positive impact of the virtual MTTP on the participants' improved social-emotional functioning, and reduction in emotional stress will be maintained at 6-week follow-up.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| magic trick training | Experimental | Participation in a 6 weekly virtual magic trick training camp with three lessons per week. |
|
| waitlist control | No Intervention | Participation in usual daily activities. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| magic trick training | Behavioral | A typical session will begin with the magician demonstrating a magic trick then revealing the secret move of the trick.The participants will learn and practice each trick. With assistance from the magician, participants will develop an oralstory presentation for the trick. After participants master one trick, the magician will demonstrate and teach the next. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Test of Adolescents Social Skills Knowledge (TASSK) | The TASSK is a self-report 30-item questionnaire that measures knowledge of specific social skills. Scores range between 0 to 26 with higher score reflecting greater knowledge of adolescent social skills. | baseline |
| Test of Adolescents Social Skills Knowledge (TASSK) | The TASSK is a self-report 30-item questionnaire that measures knowledge of specific social skills. Scores range between 0 to 26 with higher score reflecting greater knowledge of adolescent social skills. | at 6 week |
| Test of Adolescents Social Skills Knowledge (TASSK) | The TASSK is a self-report 30-item questionnaire that measures knowledge of specific social skills. Scores range between 0 to 26 with higher score reflecting greater knowledge of adolescent social skills. | at 12 week |
| Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) | SDQ (peer problem scale and prosocial scale) consists of 10 items rated on a 3-point Likert-type scale (not true=1 to certainly true=3), with higher scores indicating higher psychological problems. Some items require reverse scoring. | baseline |
| Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) | SDQ (peer problem scale and prosocial scale) consists of 10 items rated on a 3-point Likert-type scale (not true=1 to certainly true=3), with higher scores indicating higher psychological problems. Some items require reverse scoring. | at 6 week |
| Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) | SDQ (peer problem scale and prosocial scale) consists of 10 items rated on a 3-point Likert-type scale (not true=1 to certainly true=3), with higher scores indicating higher psychological problems. Some items require reverse scoring. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Emotional stress | the amount of cortisol in participants' hair. | baseline |
| Emotional stress | the amount of cortisol in participants' hair. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hon Yuen | Contact | 205-934-6301 | yuen@uab.edu | |
| Kimberly Kirklin | Contact | 205-934-0862 | kkirklin@uab.edu |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hon Yuen, PhD | University of Alabama at Birmingham | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Alabama at Birmingham | Recruiting | Birmingham | Alabama | 35294 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33728284 | Background | Spencer K, Yuen HK, Jenkins GR, Kirklin K, Vogtle LK, Davis D. The 'magic' of magic camp from the perspective of children with hemiparesis. J Exerc Rehabil. 2021 Feb 23;17(1):15-20. doi: 10.12965/jer.2040802.401. eCollection 2021 Feb. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001321 | Autistic Disorder |
| D002659 | Child Development Disorders, Pervasive |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000067877 | Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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Randomized controlled trial
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| at 12 week |
| Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES) | RSES consists of 10 items rated on a 4-point Likert-type scale, with higher scores indicate higher self-esteem. | baseline |
| Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES) | RSES consists of 10 items rated on a 4-point Likert-type scale, with higher scores indicate higher self-esteem. | at 6 week |
| Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES) | RSES consists of 10 items rated on a 4-point Likert-type scale, with higher scores indicate higher self-esteem. | at 12 week |
| UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 | The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) is a 20-item measure that assesses how often a person feels disconnected from others. Using a 4-point rating scale (1= never; 4 = always), participants answer 20 questions, such as "How often do you feel left out?" and "How often do you feel part of a group of friends?" Researchers later reverse-code the positively worded items so that high values mean more loneliness, and then calculate a score for each respondent by averaging their ratings. | baseline |
| UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 | The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) is a 20-item measure that assesses how often a person feels disconnected from others. Using a 4-point rating scale (1= never; 4 = always), participants answer 20 questions, such as "How often do you feel left out?" and "How often do you feel part of a group of friends?" Researchers later reverse-code the positively worded items so that high values mean more loneliness, and then calculate a score for each respondent by averaging their ratings. | at 6 week |
| UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 | The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) is a 20-item measure that assesses how often a person feels disconnected from others. Using a 4-point rating scale (1= never; 4 = always), participants answer 20 questions, such as "How often do you feel left out?" and "How often do you feel part of a group of friends?" Researchers later reverse-code the positively worded items so that high values mean more loneliness, and then calculate a score for each respondent by averaging their ratings. | at 12 week |
| Self-efficacy Questionnaire for Children | It consists of 16 items rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale (not at all=1 to very well=5) with higher scores indicating higher self-efficacy. | baseline |
| Self-efficacy Questionnaire for Children | It consists of 16 items rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale (not at all=1 to very well=5) with higher scores indicating higher self-efficacy. | at 6 week |
| Self-efficacy Questionnaire for Children | It consists of 16 items rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale (not at all=1 to very well=5) with higher scores indicating higher self-efficacy. | at 12 week |
| Best Friend Index | The Best Friend Index is a scale for the measurement of the features of positive and negative friendship consisting of 18 items. Each item is answered on a 5-point scale (from 1= Never to 5=Very often). | baseline |
| Best Friend Index | The Best Friend Index is a scale for the measurement of the features of positive and negative friendship consisting of 18 items. Each item is answered on a 5-point scale (from 1= Never to 5=Very often). | at 6 week |
| Best Friend Index | The Best Friend Index is a scale for the measurement of the features of positive and negative friendship consisting of 18 items. Each item is answered on a 5-point scale (from 1= Never to 5=Very often). | at 12 week |
| Quality of Socialization Questionnaire | It is a 12-item self-report and parent-report measure to assess the frequency of adolescents get-together, number of friends involved and the level of conflict during get-togethers over the previous month. | baseline |
| Quality of Socialization Questionnaire | It is a 12-item self-report and parent-report measure to assess the frequency of adolescents get-together, number of friends involved and the level of conflict during get-togethers over the previous month. | at 6 week |
| Quality of Socialization Questionnaire | It is a 12-item self-report and parent-report measure to assess the frequency of adolescents get-together, number of friends involved and the level of conflict during get-togethers over the previous month. | at 12 week |
| Autism Social Skills Profile | It is a checklist that provides a comprehensive measure of social functioning of children and adolescents who are on the Autism Spectrum. The 49 items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale with 1=never, 2=sometimes, 3=often, and 4=very often. The test yields three subscale scores: Social/Emotional Reciprocity (SER), Social Participation/Avoidance (SPA), and Detrimental Social Behaviors (DSB), as well as a total score. | baseline |
| Autism Social Skills Profile | It is a checklist that provides a comprehensive measure of social functioning of children and adolescents who are on the Autism Spectrum. The 49 items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale with 1=never, 2=sometimes, 3=often, and 4=very often. The test yields three subscale scores: Social/Emotional Reciprocity (SER), Social Participation/Avoidance (SPA), and Detrimental Social Behaviors (DSB), as well as a total score. | at 6 week |
| Autism Social Skills Profile | It is a checklist that provides a comprehensive measure of social functioning of children and adolescents who are on the Autism Spectrum. The 49 items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale with 1=never, 2=sometimes, 3=often, and 4=very often. The test yields three subscale scores: Social/Emotional Reciprocity (SER), Social Participation/Avoidance (SPA), and Detrimental Social Behaviors (DSB), as well as a total score. | at 12 week |
| Stanford Social Dimensions Scale | The SSDS is more comprehensive, sensitive and specific compared to other instruments in terms of capturing key social processes that are necessary for understanding of social deficits in conditions. The 71 items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale with 1=never, 2=rarely, 3=sometimes, 4=often, and 5=always. | baseline |
| Stanford Social Dimensions Scale | IThe SSDS is more comprehensive, sensitive and specific compared to other instruments in terms of capturing key social processes that are necessary for understanding of social deficits in conditions. The 71 items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale with 1=never, 2=rarely, 3=sometimes, 4=often, and 5=always. | at 6 week |
| Stanford Social Dimensions Scale | The SSDS is more comprehensive, sensitive and specific compared to other instruments in terms of capturing key social processes that are necessary for understanding of social deficits in conditions. The 71 items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale with 1=never, 2=rarely, 3=sometimes, 4=often, and 5=always. | at 12 week |
| at 6 week |
| Emotional stress | the amount of cortisol in participants' hair. | at 12 week |