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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Universidad Politecnica de Madrid | OTHER |
| Instituto Politécnico de Bragança | OTHER |
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Objective: To investigate whether an acute intake of beet juice (BJ) improved the factors of total and split times (performance), stroke frequency and CMJ (biomechanics), lactate and HR (physiology) and RPE-TQR (psychophysiological) in a repeated (performance), stroke frequency and CMJ (biomechanics), lactate and HR (physiology) and RPE-TQR (psychophysiological) in a repeated maximal speed swimming effort in elite swimmers.
Methods: A total of 18 elite swimmers participated in this randomized, double-blind study. In 2 different trials, swimmers ingested a Beet-It injection (70 ml placebo (PL) or a Beet-It injection of 70 ml beet juice (BJ)) 3 hours before undergoing a 2x6x100 m intermittent maximal speed crawl performance test.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beetroot juice | Active Comparator | The swimmers ingested a shot of Beet-It 70 ml beetroot juice (BJ)) 3 hours before undergoing a 2x6x100m crawl intermittent maximal speed performance test. |
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| Placebo | Placebo Comparator | The swimmers ingested a shot of Beet-It (70 ml placebo (PL)) 3 hours before undergoing a 2x6x100m crawl intermittent maximal speed performance test. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beetroot Juice | Dietary Supplement | The swimmers drank 3 hours before the test, mL70 of BJ (containing mmol6.4 of NO-3) (Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) or PLA (0.04 mmol of NO-3) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Lactate concentration | After qeach even series of 100m (2nd, 4th, 6th and 3' rest), their finger was wiped dry and their blood lactate concentration was measured with a Lactate Pro2 portable analyzer 1 minute after completing each 100m series. | 3 hours post-dose of Beetroot juice or Placebo |
| Rate of Perceived Exertion | During every 100m, they were asked how much effort they had exerted using the subjective RPE scale as in other studies with BJ and swimming. | 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice |
| Recovery Total Quality Scale | Before the swimmers performed the next 100m, they were asked how recovered they felt, using another subjective TQR scale. | 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice |
| Total Time | The complete 2x6x100 main test was recorded with a JVC model GY-HM150E video camera placed on the stand of the facility itself at about 10 m from the start/turn wall (approximately 5 m above and 10 m from the swim lane) to record the entire session. The recording of the session made it possible to calculate the total times, with the program KINOVEA 0.9.5. | 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice |
| Parcial Time | The complete 2x6x100 main test was recorded with a JVC model GY-HM150E video camera placed on the stand of the facility itself at about 10 m from the start/turn wall (approximately 5 m above and 10 m from the swim lane) to record the entire session. The recording of the session made it possible to calculate the split times, with the KINOVEA 0.9.5 program. | 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice |
| Counter Movement Jump |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Stroke rate | The complete 2x6x100 main test was recorded with a JVC model GY-HM150E video camera placed on the stand of the facility itself at about 10 m from the start/turn wall (approximately 5 m above and 10 m from the swim lane) to record the entire session. The recording of the session made it possible to calculate the stroke rate, with the KINOVEA 0.9.5 program. | from the day of randomization to the last day of the intervention: up to day 7 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Universidad Francisco de Vitoria | Madrid | Pozuelo de Alarcón | 28223 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35956394 | Result | Moreno B, Veiga S, Sanchez-Oliver AJ, Dominguez R, Morencos E. Analysis of Sport Supplement Consumption by Competitive Swimmers According to Sex and Competitive Level. Nutrients. 2022 Aug 6;14(15):3218. doi: 10.3390/nu14153218. | |
| 32936597 | Result | Senefeld JW, Wiggins CC, Regimbal RJ, Dominelli PB, Baker SE, Joyner MJ. Ergogenic Effect of Nitrate Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020 Oct;52(10):2250-2261. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002363. |
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Parallel allocation was carried out in the two groups
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Triple blinded (Participant, Investigator and Outcomes Assessor) The participant was blinded not knowing the treatment to which he was submitted, investigator and outcome assessor responsible for collecting the results, without commenting on the group from which the subject came.
| Placebo | Combination Product | The swimmers drank 3 hours before the test, mL70 of BJ (containing mmol6.4 of NO-3) (Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) or PLA (0.04 mmol of NO-3) |
|
Swimmers completed three repetitions of CMJ with hands on waist using an infrared jumping system (Optojump Next, Microgate, Bolzano, Italy) |
| 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice |
| 32292042 | Result | Zamani H, de Joode MEJR, Hossein IJ, Henckens NFT, Guggeis MA, Berends JE, de Kok TMCM, van Breda SGJ. The benefits and risks of beetroot juice consumption: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2021;61(5):788-804. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1746629. Epub 2020 Apr 15. |
| 35351196 | Result | Berjisian E, McGawley K, Saunders B, Dominguez R, Koozehchian MS, de Oliveira CVC, Rafiei R, Miraftabi H, Sarshin A, Naderi A. Acute effects of beetroot juice and caffeine co-ingestion during a team-sport-specific intermittent exercise test in semi-professional soccer players: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022 Mar 29;14(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s13102-022-00441-1. |
| 32594854 | Result | Jonvik KL, Hoogervorst D, Peelen HB, de Niet M, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJC, van Dijk JW. The impact of beetroot juice supplementation on muscular endurance, maximal strength and countermovement jump performance. Eur J Sport Sci. 2021 Jun;21(6):871-878. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1788649. Epub 2020 Jul 21. |
| 29577827 | Result | Morais JE, Silva AJ, Garrido ND, Marinho DA, Barbosa TM. The transfer of strength and power into the stroke biomechanics of young swimmers over a 34-week period. Eur J Sport Sci. 2018 Jul;18(6):787-795. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1453869. Epub 2018 Mar 24. |
| 35889796 | Result | Esen O, Dominguez R, Karayigit R. Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Enhances Intermittent Running Performance but Does Not Reduce Oxygen Cost of Exercise among Recreational Adults. Nutrients. 2022 Jul 11;14(14):2839. doi: 10.3390/nu14142839. |