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Cerebral palsy is attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing infant brain or fetal characterized by abnormalities of muscle tone, movement and motor skills. PNF technique is thought to have an impact on voluntary motor control and balance through stimulation of proprioceptors, so the aim of this study is to determine the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on selective motor control and balance on children with cerebral palsy.
A case study was conducted in 2021 to determine the effects of PNF training for improving lower limb coordination in 7 years old cerebral palsy child. After the intervention, significant improvement is seen in gait parameters, balance, and gross motor functional classification score.
A case report was conducted in 2020, to determine the effectiveness of PNF technique in improving lower extremity function in spastic diplegic cerebral palsied adolescent. Patient was treated with tone inhibitory and movement facilitatory techniques. There was significant change in balance and lower extremity function before and after the treatment.
There are multiple impairments in spastic cerebral palsy children; the inability to perform purposeful voluntary movements is a critical factor in determining functional ability of children. Since selective voluntary motor control is an important factor that must be achieved in cerebral palsy children, PNF may be considered as a technique to gain selective voluntary control and balance proving an important intervention for cerebral palsy children.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques | Experimental | Experimental group will receive proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching which include hold-relax and contract-relax for 6 sec hold, 10 repetitions and 2 min rest in between, for 5 day/week for 4 weeks along with conventional physical therapy. |
|
| traditional physical therapy | Active Comparator | this group will receive conventional therapy (ROMs, stretching, strengthening). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques. | Other | Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching which include hold-relax and contract-relax for 6 sec hold, 10 repetitions and 2 min rest in between, for 5 day/week for 4 weeks along with conventional treatment for 40 minutes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pediatric Berg Balance Scale | The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), a modification of Berg's Balance Scale, was developed as a balance measure for school-age children with mild to moderate motor impairments. It has 14 items with score 0-4. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) is 0.998 (18). | last one week |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Selective control assessment of lower extremity (SCALE) | The SCALE tool was designed for clinical administration and scoring by healthcare professionals, to be used in less than 15 minutes without specialized equipment. Hip, knee, ankle, subtalar, and toe joints are assessed bilaterally. One representative reciprocal movement that varies from the mass flexor/extensor patterns is chosen to assess SVMC for each joint. Total score is 10 for each limb. Intra-class correlation coefficient ranges from 0.88 to 0.91 (19). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Shabana Ashraf, Masters | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pakistan Society for Rehabilitation of the Disabled (PSRD) | Lahore | Punjab Province | 54000 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1612216 | Background | Mutch L, Alberman E, Hagberg B, Kodama K, Perat MV. Cerebral palsy epidemiology: where are we now and where are we going? Dev Med Child Neurol. 1992 Jun;34(6):547-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1992.tb11479.x. No abstract available. | |
| 16108461 | Background | Bax M, Goldstein M, Rosenbaum P, Leviton A, Paneth N, Dan B, Jacobsson B, Damiano D; Executive Committee for the Definition of Cerebral Palsy. Proposed definition and classification of cerebral palsy, April 2005. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005 Aug;47(8):571-6. doi: 10.1017/s001216220500112x. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002547 | Cerebral Palsy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001925 | Brain Damage, Chronic |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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Randomized
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| Traditional physical therapy | Other | Conventional therapy (ROMs, stretching, strengthening) of lower limbs for 40 minutes. |
|
| last one week |
| 17370477 | Background | Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, Goldstein M, Bax M, Damiano D, Dan B, Jacobsson B. A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl. 2007 Feb;109:8-14. |
| 16504791 | Background | Tang-Wai R, Webster RI, Shevell MI. A clinical and etiologic profile of spastic diplegia. Pediatr Neurol. 2006 Mar;34(3):212-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2005.08.027. |
| Background | 15. Akalan E, Ertürk G, Önerge K, Evrendirek H, Karaca G. Investigation of the Relationship Between Selective Voluntary Motor Control and Static Balance in Cerebral Palsy. 2019. |
| 21068635 | Background | Franjoine MR, Darr N, Held SL, Kott K, Young BL. The performance of children developing typically on the pediatric balance scale. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2010 Winter;22(4):350-9. doi: 10.1097/PEP.0b013e3181f9d5eb. |
| 25991061 | Background | Balzer J, Marsico P, Mitteregger E, van der Linden ML, Mercer TH, van Hedel HJ. Construct validity and reliability of the Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2016 Feb;58(2):167-72. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.12805. Epub 2015 May 20. |