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Walking safely inside or outside is an important function in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) that affects their daily life activity and participation. Loss of functional mobility is the major component of walking disorders in PwMS. Therefore, it is important to evaluate functional mobility.
Many functional mobility tests have been used for PwMS; however, these tests generally focus on walking speed and endurance. On the other hand, the L test, a variation of the timed up and go test (TUG), is a functional mobility measurement tool that extends the total walking distance to 20 meters and also requires the patients to turn both clockwise and counterclockwise.
Although L the test is an easy-to-use, short-term test method that evaluates higher-level components of functional mobility such as turns and transfers, to our knowledge, no study has systematically examined the reliability and validity of the L test in PwMS yet. In addition, the cut-off times that best discriminate PwMS from healthy people and fallers with non-fallers with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have not been reported. Therefore, this study planned to investigate the reliability, validity, and discrimination of the L test in PwMS.
At baseline, the L test, Timed Up and Go test, 10 meter walk test, six minute walk test, and the timed 360 turn test will be applied to the Multiple Sclerosis group. The L test will be repeated after seven days after the first application in PwMS. Healthy controls are going to perform only the L test.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| multiple sclerosis | Patients with Multiple Sclerosis |
| |
| healthy controls | healthy controls |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| L test | Other | The test includes standing up from a chair, walking in a straight line for 3 m, turning to the right, walking in a straight line for 7 m, turning around, walking back 7 m along the same line, turning to the left, walk 3 m in a straight line to the chair, and then sit down. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| L test | The L test evaluates functional mobility. Higher durations indicate worse functional mobility performance. | baseline |
| L test-second assessment | The L test evaluates functional mobility. Higher durations indicate worse functional mobility performance. | the second assessment will be conducted after the seven days |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Timed Up and Go test | Timed Up and Go test evaluates functional mobility. Higher durations indicate worse functional mobility. | Baseline |
| 10 meter walk test | 10 meter walk test is a performance measure used to assess walking speed in meters per second over a short distance. It can be employed to determine functional mobility and gait. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients with Multiple Sclerosis who apply to Gazi University, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation will be invited to this study.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gazi University | Ankara | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25555897 | Background | Kim JS, Chu DY, Jeon HS. Reliability and validity of the L test in participants with chronic stroke. Physiotherapy. 2015 Jun;101(2):161-5. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2014.09.003. Epub 2014 Oct 28. | |
| 15982169 | Background | Deathe AB, Miller WC. The L test of functional mobility: measurement properties of a modified version of the timed "up & go" test designed for people with lower-limb amputations. Phys Ther. 2005 Jul;85(7):626-35. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009103 | Multiple Sclerosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020278 | Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS |
| D020274 | Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D003711 | Demyelinating Diseases |
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|
| Timed Up and Go test | Other | The test requires the individual to stand up from an armed chair, walk 3m, turn around, walk back to the armed chair, and sit down again. |
|
| 10 meter walk test | Other | In the test, the clinician measures the time taken to walk a distance of 10 m from a standing position. Participants are asked to walk along a 14 m long walkway. |
|
| Six Minute Walk Test | Other | This test measures the distance (in m) that an individual is able to walk at a comfortable speed for 6 minutes. Starting from a standing position, participants walk continuously around two pylons placed 30 m apart for 6 minutes. The distance is recorded end of the test. |
|
| The timed 360° turn test | Other | Each participant turns around in place in a standing position for both sides. |
|
| Baseline |
| 6 minute walk test | This test measures the distance (in m) that an individual is able to walk at a comfortable speed for 6 minutes. Starting from a standing position, participants walk continuously around two pylons placed 30 m apart for 6 minutes. The distance is measured end of the test. | Baseline |
| the timed 360° turn test | The timed 360° turn test is an easily administered, not time-consuming, and specific measurement tool to assess turning ability. It measures the time taken for an individual to 360° turn around in a standing position. The timed 360° turn test is also correlated with balance and functional mobility. | Baseline |
| 39541755 | Derived | Eldemir K, Eldemir S, Ozkul C, Irkec C, Guclu-Gunduz A. Reliability and validity of the L test in people with multiple sclerosis. Physiotherapy. 2025 Mar;126:101429. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2024.101429. Epub 2024 Sep 24. |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |