Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in infants and young children are one of the most common bacterial infections, usually febrile illness without source, frequently due to Enterobacteriaceae, mainly Escherichia coli.

Multidrug-resistant organisms including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are becoming more prevalent. Due to the risk factors of ESBL-producing organisms in community-acquired (CA)-UTIs in infants in QATAR and Arab countries are still not studied because of the limited therapeutic options. hence, the importance of this study is to get knowledge about how to decrease the rapidly increasing in ESBL- producing bacteria, in infants, and to use antibiotics in a suitable guideline.so, The aim of this retrospective case-control study is to determine the clinical manifestations, and investigations of urinary tract infections among infants and the association with COVID-19 infection, in pediatric emergency centers at Hamad General Hospital - Qatar. From 1st January 2015 till 1st January 2022.

In this retrospective, case-control study investigators will include all infants (0-1 year) with UTIs who were treated at Hamad General Hospital, pediatric division- PEC Doha, Qatar, using the electronic medical records from 1st January 2015 till January 1st, 2022, diagnosed by a positive urine culture. Investigators will look for the clinical manifestations, radiological and laboratory findings, renal scarring, ESBL-organisms, prevalence, median age, gender, and ethnic background. Participants are divided into two groups: early infancy and late infancy, ESBL UTIs and non-ESBL UTIs, and upper UTIs and lower UTIs. Finally, UTIs ESBL with COVID-19 and without COVID_19.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All infants with UTIs who had been treated

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient with a mixed urine culture.

This retrospective review of electronic medical records from the pediatric division, Hamad General hospital in Doha, Qatar, will include all treated infants (0-1 years) who were diagnosed with UTI (Approximately 300 patients) between January 1, 2015, to january 1, 2022. Data collection will be done by co-investigators for all participants.