Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most prevalent invasive carcinoma of the female genital tract in developed countries, while it ranks as the second most frequently occurring neoplasm of women in developing countries, after carcinoma of the cervix uteri. The vast majority of ECs occur in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women .

ECs are classified into two distinct phenotypes; type I which represents more than 80% of all cases of ECs, it has a favorable prognosis. This type is linked to excess, unopposed hyper-estrogenic condition and it is almost always preceded by endometrial hyperplasia. On the contrary, type II endometrial carcinoma is less common than type I, representing less than 10% of all cases of ECs. Type II endometrial carcinomas are high grade, poorly differentiated and estrogen-independent tumors .

Inclusion Criteria:

• Hysterectomy specimens diagnosed as endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial adenocarcinoma.
• All cases of endometrial biopsies obtained by curettage (D&C) diagnosed as endometrial hyperplasia.
• Cases of cyclical endometrium obtained from endometrial curettage or hysterectomy specimens done for pathological conditions other than hyperplastic or neoplastic endometrial lesions.
• Complete clinical data.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with a history of preoperative chemotherapy and /or radiotherapy.
• Biopsies with predominantly blood clots.
• Insufficient or tiny tissue biopsies.

females presented to gynecology department in sohag university hospital and sohag oncology center