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In this study the investigators will examine the effect of general anesthesia and surgery on sleep duration and sleep quality in children, using questionnaires and a sleep diary.
Objective:
The primary objective is to assess the effect of general anaesthesia and surgery on sleep duration (chronotype) and sleep quality in children aged 1-11 years in the first week after surgery.
Secondary objectives are to determine the duration of the effect of general anaesthesia on chronotype and sleep quality. Furthermore, the investigators will examine factors which may be of influence on the quality and duration of sleep, like postoperative emergence delirium, admission to the hospital, Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale (FLACC) / Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores, preoperative sedative medication and postoperative sedative medication.
Study procedures:
Possible participants will be identified on the anaesthetic pre-operative assessment clinic and asked if they object to a phone call with information about research. If not, a researcher will contact the parents by telephone to inform them about the study. After oral consent by both parents, an invitation to fill in the questionnaires will be sent to the parents together with a consent form. Informed consent by both parents will be obtained. Questionnaires can be completed online or on paper, depending on the parents' preference.
Questionnaires:
The following items will be extracted from the electronic health record:
Primary endpoint The diurnal phase shift the night after surgery, measured by comparing the midpoint of sleep three nights before surgery (as measured by the sleeping log) with midpoint of sleep the night after surgery.
Secondary endpoints
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Children who undergo anesthesia because of surgery | Children, aged between 1-11 years, who undergo general anesthesia because of surgery. | ||
| Children who undergo anesthesia because of an MRI | Children, aged between 1-11 years, who undergo general anesthesia because of an MRI. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The diurnal phase shift | The diurnal phase shift the night after surgery, measured by comparing the midpoint of sleep three nights before surgery (as measured by the sleeping log) with midpoint of sleep the night after surgery. | Baseline (1wk before anesthesia) - First night post-anesthesia |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in sleep quality | The change in subjective sleep quality, including incidence of sleep problems (e.g. sleepwalking, nightmares), as measured by the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), between the month prior to 3 nights pre-anesthesia and 1 week post-anesthesia. This is measured on a likert scale 1 meaning no sleep problems and 5 meaning a lot of sleep problems. The answers from questionnaire 1 (3 days preoperative) are compared to answers of questionnaire 2 (7 days postoperative) |
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Inclusion criteria:
Exclusion criteria:
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Children aged 1-11 years planned for elective surgery or a procedure requiring general anaesthesia
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jeroen Hermanides, Prof | Amsterdam UMC | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amsterdam UMC, locatie AMC | Amsterdam | North Holland | 1105AZ | Netherlands |
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| 3 days pre-anaesthesia - 7 days post-anaesthesia |
| Changes in all sleep times | Changes in all sleep parameters (i.e. sleep on- and offset times, sleep duration, sleep latency) when comparing baseline (as measured by the Children's ChronoType Questionnaire (CCTQ) 3 days pre-anesthesia) to all 10 nights of the sleeping log. | 3 days pre-anaesthesia - 7 days post-anaesthesia |
| Difference in sleep quality between children who had anaesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging and children who had anaesthesia and surgery | Difference in subjective sleep quality (as measured by the CSHQ) between patients receiving anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging and patients receiving anesthesia for a surgical procedure. Answers are on a likerts scale with 1 meaning no sleep problems and 5 meaning a lot of sleep problems. | 3 days pre-anaesthesia - 7 days post-anaesthesia |
| Difference in sleep-wake timing | Difference in changes in sleep-wake timing (as measured by the sleeping log, units are minutes) between patients receiving anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging and patients receiving anesthesia for a surgical procedure | 3 days pre-anaesthesia - 7 days post-anaesthesia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020178 | Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm |
| D020179 | Jet Lag Syndrome |
| D020447 | Parasomnias |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D021081 | Chronobiology Disorders |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D020920 | Dyssomnias |
| D012893 | Sleep Wake Disorders |
| D009784 | Occupational Diseases |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D000076082 | Travel-Related Illness |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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