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This is a randomized controlled trial design. The investigators plan to recruit about 60 to 70 emergency department nurses from a medical center in Taipei, Taiwan. After completing the paper consent form, these nurses will be randomly assigned to 2 groups, which are a control group and an experimental group. The pre-test includes the demographic data sheet, HIV testing related knowledge and practice scale, and The Health Care Provider HIV/ AIDS Stigma Scale (HPASS). All nurses will receive a learning material when they finish the pre-test. In addition, the experimental group will be provided a real HIV testing and counselling by a researcher. The post-test will be finished one month later of pre-test in the control group, and one month later while the intervention completed in the experimental group. The semi-structural interview will be performed to the experimental group to collect and analyze their opinion toward the experiential HIV testing.
This project aims to develop an intervention of "experiential HIV testing" and to verify the following effects on emergency nurses: (1) Improve HIV testing related knowledge and practice; (2) Reduce HIV-related stigma; (3) Find out the possible demographic factors that might affect the effectiveness of experiential HIV Testing. During the intervention, nurses can directly participate in the whole process of anonymous HIV testing in the role of who need to be screened, and pre- and post-testing counselling accompanied the education and discussion will also be provided to them by a researcher. Through the above-mentioned measures, the knowledge and practices related to the HIV testing could be improved, and the stigma attitude toward HIV could be reduced through the self-reflection on the testing process.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Get a learning material and a experiential HIV Testing | Experimental | These participants in the experimental group will be provided a learning material about HIV testing, then an experiential HIV Testing, which includes HIV testing and counselling, education and discussion, and a post-test interviews will be provided. |
|
| Get a learning material only | No Intervention | These participants in the control group will be provided a learning material about HIV testing only. After the post-test, the experiential HIV Testing will be provided to them. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experiential HIV Testing | Other | The content of experiential HIV Testing includes HIV testing, counselling, and education and discussion. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| HIV Testing Related Knowledge and Practice | A self-development scale, known as the "HIV Testing-Related Knowledge and Practice Scale," is employed to assess individuals' knowledge and practices pertaining to HIV testing. The scale consists of twenty-eight questions, encompassing both True-False and multiple-choice formats. Participants earn one point for each correct answer, contributing to a total score that ranges from the minimum scores of 0 to the maximum scores of 28. Higher scores signify a more positive outcome, indicating enhanced HIV testing-related knowledge and practice among the participants. | pre-test(Baseline) and post-test (week 4) |
| HIV Related Stigma | The Healthcare Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale (HPASS) will be used to assess this outcome. The instrument contains 30 items, each scored on a six-point Likert scale, yielding a minimum total score of 30 and a maximum of 180. Higher scores reflect greater levels of stigma toward people living with HIV, indicating a worse outcome. Validation of the HPASS through factor analysis identified three underlying dimensions. The stereotyping dimension (11 items; score range: 11-66) reflects negative cognitions and beliefs about people living with HIV. The prejudice dimension (13 items; score range: 13-78) captures emotionally driven attitudes. The discrimination dimension (6 items; score range: 6-36) represents behavioral responses stemming from negative attitudes. For all dimensions, higher scores indicate worse outcomes. These 3 dimensions(as sub-scale scores) for stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination will also be calculated and analyzed. | pre-test (Baseline) and post-test (Week 4) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
- have registered nurse license and do clinical care in emergency department
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| CHENG-RU HE, Bachelor | National Taiwan University Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| School of Nursing of National Taiwan University | Taipei | 100 | Taiwan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41455361 | Derived | He CR, Chang JC, Liu CY, Yang BJ, Hung YH, Chiou PY. Enhancing HIV knowledge and reducing stigma among emergency nurses through experiential self-testing: A mixed-methods study. Nurse Educ Pract. 2026 Feb;91:104694. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104694. Epub 2025 Dec 18. |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Get a Learning Material and a Experiential HIV Testing | These participants in the experimental group will be provided a learning material about HIV testing, then an experiential HIV Testing, which includes HIV testing and counselling, education and discussion, and a post-test interviews will be provided. Experiential HIV Testing: The content of experiential HIV Testing includes HIV testing, counselling, and education and discussion. |
| FG001 | Get a Learning Material Only | These participants in the control group will be provided a learning material about HIV testing only. After the post-test, the experiential HIV Testing will be provided to them. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Get a Learning Material and a Experiential HIV Testing | These participants in the experimental group will be provided a learning material about HIV testing, then an experiential HIV Testing, which includes HIV testing and counselling, education and discussion, and a post-test interviews will be provided. Experiential HIV Testing: The content of experiential HIV Testing includes HIV testing, counselling, and education and discussion. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | HIV Testing Related Knowledge and Practice | A self-development scale, known as the "HIV Testing-Related Knowledge and Practice Scale," is employed to assess individuals' knowledge and practices pertaining to HIV testing. The scale consists of twenty-eight questions, encompassing both True-False and multiple-choice formats. Participants earn one point for each correct answer, contributing to a total score that ranges from the minimum scores of 0 to the maximum scores of 28. Higher scores signify a more positive outcome, indicating enhanced HIV testing-related knowledge and practice among the participants. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | pre-test(Baseline) and post-test (week 4) |
|
1 year
Due to the cross-sectional non-interventional nature of this study, participants will not be at risk for Serious Adverse Events, at risk for All-Cause Mortality, and at risk for Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Get a Learning Material and a Experiential HIV Testing | These participants in the experimental group will be provided a learning material about HIV testing, then an experiential HIV Testing, which includes HIV testing and counselling, education and discussion, and a post-test interviews will be provided. Experiential HIV Testing: The content of experiential HIV Testing includes HIV testing, counselling, and education and discussion. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Piao-Yi Chiou | National Taiwan University | 02-2312-3456 | 288427 | piaoyi@ntu.edu.tw |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Apr 20, 2023 | May 22, 2023 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000163 | Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
| D057545 | Social Stigma |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015658 | HIV Infections |
| D000086982 | Blood-Borne Infections |
| D003141 | Communicable Diseases |
| D007239 | Infections |
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| BG001 | Get a Learning Material Only | These participants in the control group will be provided a learning material about HIV testing only. After the post-test, the experiential HIV Testing will be provided to them. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| education level | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Marital status | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Nursing practice years | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Nursing practice years in the ED | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| religion | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| catastrophic illness | An acute or prolonged illness usually considered to be life-threatening or with the threat of serious residual disability | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| receiving HIV-related lecture in recent 12 months | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| ever had HIV occupational exposure or not | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| OG001 | Get a Learning Material Only | These participants in the control group will be provided a learning material about HIV testing only. After the post-test, the experiential HIV Testing will be provided to them. |
|
|
|
| Primary | HIV Related Stigma | The Healthcare Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale (HPASS) will be used to assess this outcome. The instrument contains 30 items, each scored on a six-point Likert scale, yielding a minimum total score of 30 and a maximum of 180. Higher scores reflect greater levels of stigma toward people living with HIV, indicating a worse outcome. Validation of the HPASS through factor analysis identified three underlying dimensions. The stereotyping dimension (11 items; score range: 11-66) reflects negative cognitions and beliefs about people living with HIV. The prejudice dimension (13 items; score range: 13-78) captures emotionally driven attitudes. The discrimination dimension (6 items; score range: 6-36) represents behavioral responses stemming from negative attitudes. For all dimensions, higher scores indicate worse outcomes. These 3 dimensions(as sub-scale scores) for stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination will also be calculated and analyzed. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | pre-test (Baseline) and post-test (Week 4) |
|
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 72 |
| 0 |
| 72 |
| 0 |
| 72 |
| EG001 | Get a Learning Material Only | These participants in the control group will be provided a learning material about HIV testing only. After the post-test, the experiential HIV Testing will be provided to them. | 0 | 72 | 0 | 72 | 0 | 72 |
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| D015229 |
| Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral |
| D012749 | Sexually Transmitted Diseases |
| D016180 | Lentivirus Infections |
| D012192 | Retroviridae Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D012897 | Slow Virus Diseases |
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D007153 | Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D012919 | Social Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| (pre-test)stereotyping |
|
| (post-test)stereotyping |
|
| (pre-test)prejudice |
|
| (post-test)prejudice |
|
| (pre-test)discrimination |
|
| (post-test)discrimination |
|
| 0.02 |
The p-value is adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction, with a significance threshold of 0.05. |
| Median Difference (Final Values) |
| -2.64 |
| Standard Deviation |
| 6.35 |
| 2-Sided |
| Superiority |