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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| George Mason University | OTHER |
| University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill | OTHER |
| The University of Tennessee, Knoxville | OTHER |
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This project is a research study looking at what foods students choose and eat during school lunch and examines how salad bars impact what children eat.
This project applies a wait list control cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate school salad bars. This project uses digital images (pictures) of labeled trays in the cafeteria before and after children eat lunch. This project also asks cafeteria workers about their thoughts about salad bars and their experiences with the salad bar program.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Schools with salad bars | Schools with salad bars |
| |
| Schools without salad bars | Schools without salad bars |
| |
| Schools with salad parts post COVID-19 | A subset schools with salad bars that were examined pre-COVID-19 will undergo methods again. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salad bar | Other | Schools where the school district has installed salad bars |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| fruits and vegetables (FV) selection | Amount of FV selection will be calculated based on digital photographs of student's lunch trays before consumption | Baseline to up to 6 weeks after salad bars installed |
| FV consumption | Amount of FV consumed will be calculated by subtracting amount of FV remaining after lunch is consumed from amount of FV selected based on digital photographs of student's lunch trays before and after consumption. | Baseline to up to 6 weeks after salad bars installed |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| energy intake (kcal) | Amount of calories consumed will be calculated by subtracting the total amount of calories remaining on trays from the total amount of calories initially selected based on digital photographs of student's lunch trays before and after consumption. | Baseline to up to 6 weeks after salad bars installed |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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All K-6th students who participate in the school lunch program and all cafeteria personnel at target schools
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Melanie K Bean, PhD | VCU | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy Lifestyles Center at the Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU | Henrico | Virginia | 23229 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 39910590 | Derived | Bean MK, Mazzeo SE, de Jonge L, Thornton L, Raynor H, Mendoza A, Farthing S, Moore B. Impact of school salad bars on fruit and vegetable selection, intake, and waste in Mid-Atlantic elementary schools. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2025 Feb 5;22(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s12966-025-01713-y. | |
| 36494649 | Derived | Bean MK, Raynor HA, Thornton LM, de Jonge L, Mazzeo SE. Design and rationale for evaluating the impact of salad bars on elementary school students' fruit, vegetable, and energy intake: a wait list control, cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2022 Dec 9;22(1):2304. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14744-y. |
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| Waitlisted control |
| Other |
Schools where the school district has not yet installed salad bars |
|
| Salad bar post-COVID | Other | Schools where the school distract has re-opened salad bars will have methods repeated in a subset of schools post-COVID-19 |
|
| dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index) |
the Healthy Eating Index will be calculated for food and beverages consumed at lunch (amount on the tray before minus after consumption) using NDSR |
| Baseline to up to 6 weeks after salad bars installed |
| fruits and vegetables (FV) selection post-COVID-19 | To examine the the impact of salad bars on student dietary intake patterns after their reintroduction post-COVID-19 school closures. Amount of FV selection will be calculated based on digital photographs of student's lunch trays before consumption | 4-6 weeks after salad bars re-installed |
| FV consumption post-COVID-19 | To examine the the impact of salad bars on student dietary intake patterns after their reintroduction post-COVID-19 school closures. Amount of FV consumed will be calculated by subtracting amount of FV remaining after lunch is consumed from amount of FV selected based on digital photographs of student's lunch trays before and after consumption. | 4-6 weeks after salad bars re-installed |
| energy intake (kcal) post-COVID-19 | To examine the the impact of salad bars on student dietary intake patterns after their reintroduction post-COVID-19 school closures. Amount of calories consumed will be calculated by subtracting the total amount of calories remaining on trays from the total amount of calories initially selected based on digital photographs of student's lunch trays before and after consumption. | 4-6 weeks after salad bars re-installed |
| dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index) post-COVID-19 | To examine the the impact of salad bars on student dietary intake patterns after their reintroduction post-COVID-19 school closures. The Healthy Eating Index will be calculated for food and beverages consumed at lunch (amount on the tray before minus after consumption) using NDSR | 4-6 weeks after salad bars re-installed |