Association Between ORA and Residual Refractive Astigmatism After SMILE

Association Between Preoperative Ocular Residual Astigmatism(ORA) and Residual Refractive Astigmatism After SMILE Refractive Surgery

The aim of our study is to analysis and compare the relationship between ORA and postoperative astigmatism in low astigmatism (less than 1D) and moderate to high (1D to 3D) astigmatism patients after SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction) refractive surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Corrected distance visual acuity of both eyes reaches 0.1 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR)
• Stable refractive errors of myopia and astigmatism who received SMILE refractive surgery of both eyes

Exclusion Criteria:

• Cataract
• Corneal opacities or irregularities
• Dry eye (Schirmer's test I ≤ 5mm)
• Amblyopia
• Coexisting ocular pathologies
• Glaucoma
• Non-dilating pupil
• History of intraocular surgery, laser therapy, or retinopathy
• Optic nerve or macular diseases
• Estimated postoperative cornea residual stromal thickness less than 250 μm
• Pregnancy or under lactation
• Uncontrolled diabetic mellitus or systemic immune disease _Refusal or unable to maintain follow-up