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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Radboud University, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands | UNKNOWN |
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Viewing strategies are strategies used to process visual Information. Many children with visual impairment seem to lack systematic viewing strategies. However, it is unknown how viewing strategies differ between children with normal vision and children with (cerebral) visual impairment. In addition, viewing strategy training is often adopted in clinical practice, but till date there is no scientific evidence about effectiveness of this approach.
The current project has two goals: (1) to measure viewing strategies used by children with normal vision, children with ocular visual impairment and children with CVI, and (2) to evaluate whether training viewing strategies results in more efficiënt visual Information processing.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group A) early training group | Experimental | T0 = baseline measurement T1 = posttest (within two weeks after training) T2 = follow up measurement (6 months after training) |
|
| Group B) late training group | Experimental | T0 = baseline measurement T1 = test-retest reliability and natural development (over period 1 1/2-2 months after T0) T2 = posttest (within two weeks after training) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viewing strategy training | Behavioral | Children receive a visual training of viewing strategies (six weeks, 2 times a week, 30 minutes). During the training, children are instructed to use specific viewing strategies (looking in a structured direction which fits the task at hand, zooming in and out / change of visual selective attentional field, visual discrimination). The verbal instructions and exercises are protocol-based. A textbook is used to describe the reactions of the children during training. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in reading accuracy after viewing strategy training | Radner reading test | Group A: Day 0, Month 2, Month 8; group B: Day 0, Month 2, Month 4 |
| Changes in reading speed after viewing strategy training | Radner reading test | Group A: Day 0, Month 2, Month 8; group B: Day 0, Month 2, Month 4 |
| Changes in visual search accuracy after training | Accuracy during conjunction search | Group A: Day 0, Month 2, Month 8; group B: Day 0, Month 2, Month 4 |
| Changes in visual search speed after training | Speed during conjunction search | Group A: Day 0, Month 2, Month 8; Group B: Day 0, Month 2, Month 4 |
| Changes in saccade amplitudes during reading and visual search after training | Saccade amplitudes measured using Radner reading test and conjunction search | Group A: Day 0, Month 2, Month 8; Group B: Day 0, Month 2, Month 4 |
| Changes in fixation duration during reading and search after training | Fixation durations measured using Radner reading test and conjunction search | Group A: Day 0, Month 2, Month 8; Group B: Day 0, Month 2, Month 4 |
| Changes in average distance between fixation points during conjunction search (EB-VSA) after training | Average distance between fixation points using Radner reading test and conjunction search |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in WISC-V visual processing speed index (VSI) after training | WISC-IV visual processing speed index | Group A: Day 0, Month 2, Month 8; Group B: Day 0, Month 2, Month 4 |
| Changes in local visual selective attention after training |
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Inclusion criteria typically developing children with normal vision:
Inclusion criteria for children with ocular visual impairment:
Inclusion criteria for children with cerebral visual impairment:
Additional inclusion criterion for study 2 (evaluating training effectiveness): children with (cerebral) visual impairment should have an indication for viewing strategy training. Training should not be indicated if children have no problems performing academic tasks (i.e. when speed and accuracy of visual processing is within the normal range). The age range for study 2 is 5-9 years.
Exclusion criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bianca Huurneman, PhD | Contact | 0(031)646944002 | biancahuurneman@visio.org |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Bianca Huurneman, PhD | Royal Dutch Visio | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Royal Dutch Visio | Recruiting | Nijmegen | Netherlands |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014786 | Vision Disorders |
| D015354 | Vision, Low |
| D019575 | Blindness, Cortical |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012678 | Sensation Disorders |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D005128 | Eye Diseases |
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For the first phase of the study, we aim to include 48 children aged 5-12 years for each group (i.e. normal Vision, ocular visual impairment, cerebral visual impairment). For the second phase of the study 60 children with visual impairment aged 5-9 years will be included (ocular impairment: n=30, cerebral visual impairment: n=30).
In the second phase of the project, children receive a visual training of viewing strategies (six weeks, 2 times a week, 30 minutes). During the training, children are instructed to use specific viewing strategies (looking in a structured direction which fits the task at hand, zooming in and out / change of visual selective attentional field, visual discrimination). The verbal instructions and exercises are protocol based. A textbook is used to describe the reactions of the children during training.
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| Group A: Day 0, Month 2, Month 8; Group B: Day 0, Month 2, Month 4 |
TEA-Ch Speurtocht (total number of symbols found in 1 minute)
| Group A: Day 0, Month 2, Month 8; Group B: Day 0, Month 2, Month 4 |
| Changes in global visual selective attention after training | Gestalt Closure (Kaufman-ABC), number of correct answers | Group A: Day 0, Month 2, Month 8; Group B: Day 0, Month 2, Month 4 |
| Changes in visual identification speed after training | 'DST-Plaatjes Benoemen', number of pictures correctly named within 1 minute | Group A: Day 0, Month 2, Month 8; Group B: Day 0, Month 2, Month 4 |
| D012816 |
| Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001766 | Blindness |