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There were many studies in the literature discussing the effects of vitamin D deficiency and the role of vitamin D supplementation in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Combined with the possible impact of vitamin D on the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is concluded that VDBP-regulated bioavailable and free vitamin D concentrations modulate the human immune system response to viral infections. Because of the gap in the literature, it was emphasized that studies should focus on vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and gene polymorphism. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and free and bioavailable vitamin D levels.
It was aimed to investigate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and free and bioavailable vitamin D levels. This study was planned as a case-control study with patients hospitalized in the Haseki Training and Research Hospital Pediatric Infection Service. A total of 82 children, including at least 20 patients in each group were included in the study. The study group was divided into three groups according to COVID-19 WHO clinical progression Scale: unaffected (Group 1), mild (Group 2) and moderate (group 3). In order to investigate the relationship between disease severity and free and bioavailable vitamin D; 25OH vitamin d (μg/L), albumin (g/l) and VDBP levels (ELISA) were used. Vitamin D metabolites were calculated by using Bikle and Vermeulen methods (free Vitamin D BIKLE, free vitamin DVERMEULEN, bioavailable vitamin D). And these three vitamin D parameter levels were compared between groups.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| uninfected Sars-CoV-2 group (Group 1) | The study group was divided into three groups according to COVID-19 WHO clinical progression Scale: no viral RNA detected, uninfected Sars-CoV-2 patients (Group 1) |
| |
| mild Sars-CoV-2 group (Group 2) | The study group was divided into three groups according to COVID-19 WHO clinical progression Scale: viral RNA detected but asymptomatic disease, ambulatory mild disease (Group 2) |
| |
| moderate to severe Sars-CoV-2 group (Group 3) | The study group was divided into three groups according to COVID-19 WHO clinical progression Scale: hospitalized moderate disease, moderate to severe Sars-CoV-2 patients (group 3) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin D Binding protein | Diagnostic Test | Vitamin D-free and bioavailable metabolites were calculated by using Bikle and Vermeulen methods with using albumin, 25-OH vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein (ELİSA kit) levels |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The relationship between free vitamin D levels and SARS CoV-2 infection severity. | The differences between free vitamin D levels in SARS CoV-2 infected patients according to the symptom severity. SARS CoV-2 infection severity will be categorized according to COVID19 WHO clinical progression Scale as uninfected, mild, moderate to severe. | baseline (at the time of diagnosis) |
| The relationship between bioavailable vitamin D levels and SARS CoV-2 infection severity. | The differences between bioavailable vitamin D levels in SARS CoV-2 infected patients according to the symptom severity. SARS CoV-2 infection severity will be categorized according to COVID19 WHO clinical progression Scale as uninfected, mild, moderate to severe. | baseline (at the time of diagnosis) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Sars-CoV-2 diagnosed children aged between 1-18 years old and whose parents sign the informed consent form to participate in the study.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| mahmut caner US, M.D | Haseki Education and Research Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haseki Training and Research Hospital | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32031570 | Background | Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang X, Peng Z. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020 Mar 17;323(11):1061-1069. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585. | |
| 33819635 | Background |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
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to investigate the free and bioavailable vitamin D, 25OH vitamin d (μg/L), albumin (g/l) and VDBP levels, a 5 ml blood sample was collected from patients
| Charoenngam N, Shirvani A, Reddy N, Vodopivec DM, Apovian CM, Holick MF. Authors' Reply: Vitamin D Sufficiency and COVID-19: Is Vitamin D Binding Protein (and Its Polymorphism) the Missing Link? Endocr Pract. 2021 Jun;27(6):646-647. doi: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.03.016. Epub 2021 Apr 2. No abstract available. |
| 34723751 | Background | Speeckaert MM, Delanghe JR. Vitamin D binding protein and its polymorphisms may explain the link between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19. Sci Prog. 2021 Oct;104(4):368504211053510. doi: 10.1177/00368504211053510. No abstract available. |
| 37888613 | Result | Us MC, Devrim Lanpir A, Ozdatli Kurtulus S, Yagci M, Akarsu O, Sahin K, Akkoc G. The role of free vitamin D and vitamin D binding protein in SARS-Cov-2 infection in children. Pediatr Int. 2023 Jan-Dec;65(1):e15680. doi: 10.1111/ped.15680. |
| D014777 |
| Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |