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Head and neck tumors comprise heterogeneous neoplasms that arise from surface epithelium of different anatomic subsites in head and neck region such as oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx. Nasopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas represent 0.26 % of all cancers in Egypt. Tobacco exposure and alcohol dependence, and infection with oncogenic viruses such as human Papilloma virus (HPV) are among the risk factors for development of these tumors. Currently, the main treatment of nasopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas is radio-chemotherapy based in histological type, grade and stages of the tumors
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are considered as cornerstone in cancer immunotherapy and as a biomarker with effectiveness predictive value. The intensity and quality of immune cells, especially lymphocytes, in tumor microenvironment are strongly related to the outcome of immune checkpoint blockade therapy .
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| immunohistochemical | Diagnostic Test | Immunohistochemical Evaluation: Corresponding sections of 4µm thickness from each Formalin-fixed paraffin blocks will be immunohistochemically stained by anti- PD-L1 antibody according to the recommended protocol. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in nasopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma | evaluate expression of PD-L1 in nasopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas and to correlate its expression to different clinical and histopathological parameters to address its prognostic value. | 12 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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- Patients with nasopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas who underwent diagnostic biopsies.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nahawand m hafez, demonstrator | Contact | 01008141816 | nahawendmohammed@med.sohag.edu.eg | |
| ahmed r hamed, professor | Contact |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sohag University Hospital | Sohag | Egypt |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25328522 | Background | Ibrahim AS, Khaled HM, Mikhail NN, Baraka H, Kamel H. Cancer incidence in egypt: results of the national population-based cancer registry program. J Cancer Epidemiol. 2014;2014:437971. doi: 10.1155/2014/437971. Epub 2014 Sep 21. | |
| 22267298 | Background | Mehanna H, Beech T, Nicholson T, El-Hariry I, McConkey C, Paleri V, Roberts S. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal and nonoropharyngeal head and neck cancer--systematic review and meta-analysis of trends by time and region. Head Neck. 2013 May;35(5):747-55. doi: 10.1002/hed.22015. Epub 2012 Jan 20. |
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| Type | Date | Date Unknown |
|---|---|---|
| Release | Aug 8, 2024 | |
| Reset | Oct 31, 2024 |
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| Release Date | Unrelease Date | Unrelease Date Unknown | Reset Date | MCP Release Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 8, 2024 | Oct 31, 2024 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007012 | Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010610 | Pharyngeal Neoplasms |
| D010039 | Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms |
| D006258 | Head and Neck Neoplasms |
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
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| 32387665 | Background | Willenbrink TJ, Ruiz ES, Cornejo CM, Schmults CD, Arron ST, Jambusaria-Pahlajani A. Field cancerization: Definition, epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Sep;83(3):709-717. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.126. Epub 2020 May 7. |
| 33139907 | Background | Paijens ST, Vledder A, de Bruyn M, Nijman HW. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the immunotherapy era. Cell Mol Immunol. 2021 Apr;18(4):842-859. doi: 10.1038/s41423-020-00565-9. Epub 2020 Nov 2. |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D010608 | Pharyngeal Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D010038 | Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases |