The goal of this factorial trial is to test and compare the effectiveness of two caregiver led strategies, i.e., the positive deviance nutrition(PD) strategy and the parent facilitator training (PFT) strategies, to malnutrition and care-giving among children and youth with cerebral palsy. Participants will be assigned to receive either of the four conditions, including,

• PFT only,
• PD only,
• Both the PFT and PD,
• None of the PD or PFT (controls) Researchers will compare either groups to see if there is an improvement in the nutritional status by weight gain and care giving knowledge and practices

High malnutrition and related mortality risk is common among children with cerebral palsy (CP) in most low- and middle-income countries. This is partly due to limited access to mainstream health care services worsened by the scarcity of health professionals with an extra skill in special needs care, including the ability to manage feeding difficulties common in the CP population. Families of children with CP have thus been left alone to care for their child without a clear direction on how to provide the best care including effective feeding and nutrition practices. This amplifies the relevance of caregivers in the improvement of CP child survival, and justifies the need for affordable and culturally acceptable strategies.

Training of caregivers of children with CP as lay professionals has become a cost-effective strategy to address the physical rehabilitation workforce gap in some African countries. However, the effectiveness of these strategies is not properly evaluated with regards to managing malnutrition in CP. Furthermore, caregiver-initiated strategies like the positive deviance nutrition strategy although proven effective in the management of malnutrition among typically developed children, its effectiveness in the CP child population is not clear. This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of caregiver led strategies i.e., the positive deviance and parent facilitator training (physical rehabilitation) strategies, to malnutrition and care-giving among children and youth with CP in eastern Uganda.

Study Objective: To determine the difference in the effectiveness of positive deviance and parent facilitator training strategies to malnutrition and caregiving among children and youth with cerebral palsy in the Iganga Mayuge and Bugweri districts.

Study setting: The study will be conducted within the districts of Iganga, Mayuge and Bugweri in eastern Uganda.

Study design: This will be a 2x2 factorial quasi-randomised controlled trial assessing the effects of the Positive deviance (PD) (Yes/No) and Parent facilitator training (PFT) (Yes/No) strategies within four experimental conditions: i) Both PD and PFT, ii) Only PD, iii)Only PFT, iv) Neither PD and nor PFT(controls).

Study population: The study population will include caregivers of malnourished children and youth aged 2-24 years old with a confirmed diagnosis of CP.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Malnourished children and youth (<-2sd in any of height for age, weight for age and body mass index for age z-scores) with CP
• Caregivers of malnourished children and youth with CP

Exclusion Criteria:

• Caregivers registered in other nutrition interventions
• severely malnourished children that require life-saving nutrition management

Evaluators, Participants, and caregivers facilitating the PFT and PD training sessions will be blinded on group allocations. A group of independent outcome assessors (evaluators), not involved in the intervention, will administer the outcome measures after the interventions. These evaluators will also be blinded to group allocation to avoid reporting bias.